Table 1.
Clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical parameters in 180 patients with thyroid papillary carcinomas
| Characteristics | No. (%) of tumors with nodal status | P* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| negative | positive | ||
| Age (years): | |||
| <45 | 48 (33.8) | 12 (31.6) | 0.796 |
| ≥45 | 94 (66.2) | 26 (68.4) | |
| Sex: | 0.019 | ||
| male | 24 (16.9) | 13 (34.2) | |
| female | 118 (83.1) | 25 (65.8) | |
| Tumor size (cm): | 0.556 | ||
| <2 | 104 (73.2) | 26 (68.4) | |
| ≥2 | 38 (26.8) | 12 (31.6) | |
| Histopathological variant:† | 0.075 | ||
| low risk | 119 (83.8) | 27 (71.1) | |
| high risk | 23 (16.2) | 11 (28.9) | |
| Tumor focality: | 0.131 | ||
| unifocal | 83 (58.5) | 17 (44.7) | |
| multifocal | 59 (41.5) | 21 (55.3) | |
| Extrathyroidal extension: | 0.010 | ||
| negative | 125 (88.0) | 27 (71.1) | |
| positive | 17 (12.0) | 11 (28.9) | |
| Cyclin D1 expression:‡ | <0.001 | ||
| negative | 79 (55.6) | 8 (21.1) | |
| positive | 63 (44.4) | 30 (78.9) | |
| p27 expression:§ | <0.001 | ||
| negative | 54 (38.0) | 29 (76.3) | |
| positive | 88 (62.0) | 9 (23.7) | |
*χ2 test.
†Histopathological variants of papillary carcinoma: low risk – papillary and follicular; high risk – oncocytic, clear cell, diffuse sclerosing, tall cell, columnar cell, and solid carcinoma (1).
‡Negative – non-expresser, complete absence of nuclear staining within entire tumor; Positive – expresser, showing moderate to intense nuclear staining and widespread to diffuse distribution of positive cells within the entire tumor (7).
§Negative – non-expresser: grade 0 – total absence of staining; grade 1 – faint nuclear staining. Positive – expresser: grade 2 – moderate nuclear staining; grade 3 – strong nuclear staining; grade 4 – staining as strong as in normal thyroid tissue (7).