Table 2.

Associations of maternal social factors and infants born with persistent low Apgar scores

	Unadjusted		Adjusted for other maternal social factor*		Adjusted for other maternal social factor* and other risk factors†		Adjusted for other social factor*, other risk factors† and paternal data‡
Factor measured	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p
Maternal SES
Manual	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Non-manual	0.97 (0.83–1.15)		0.86 (0.75–1.00)		0.82 (0.71–0.94)		0.83 (0.72–0.97)
Self-employed	0.94 (0.81–1.09)	<0.001	0.62 (0.44–0.89)	0.005	0.61 (0.43–0.88)	0.003	0.64 (0.44–0.93)	0.012
Other	0.76 (0.60–0.96)		1.03 (0.87–1.21)		0.95 (0.80–1.12)		0.96 (0.81–1.14)
Maternal education status
<9 years	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
9–10 years	0.97 (0.83–1.15)		0.91 (0.76–1.08)		0.85 (0.71–1.02)		0.84 (0.70–1.01)
Full secondary	0.94 (0.81–1.09)	0.046§	0.94 (0.80–1.10)	0.226§	0.86 (0.73–1.02)	0.046§	0.85 (0.72–1.01)	0.058§
Higher education	0.76 (0.60–0.96)		0.82 (0.64–1.04)		0.76 (0.59–0.97)		0.76 (0.59–0.99)

Data are odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) for persistent low Apgar scores.

^*Adjusted for maternal education/occupation.

^†Adjusted for birth weight, head circumference and length, parity, infant and maternal infection, pre-eclampsia, mode of delivery, year of birth, maternal age.

^‡Adjusted for paternal education and occupation.

^§p for trend.