Table 3.

Associations of maternal education with persistent low Apgar scores, split by mode of delivery

	Infants delivered by unassisted vaginal delivery		Infants delivered by instrumental delivery		Infants delivered by caesarian section
Maternal education status	OR (95% CI)*	p for trend	OR (95% CI)*	p for trend	OR (95% CI)*	p for trend
Maternal education
<9 years	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–
9–10 years	1.03 (0.82–1.29)	–	0.64 (0.44–0.94)	–	0.59 (0.40–0.87)	–
Full secondary	1.02 (0.83–1.27)	0.895	0.72 (0.51–1.02)	0.041	0.58 (0.41–0.82)	0.003
Higher education	1.01 (0.73–1.39)	–	0.48 (0.27–0.84)	–	0.51 (0.29–0.90)	–

Data are odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) for persistent low Apgar scores.

^*Adjusted for birth weight, head circumference and length, parity, infant and maternal infection, pre-eclampsia, mode of delivery, maternal occupation, year of birth, maternal age and paternal education and occupation.