Table 3.
Beta-Hb variants observed in Latin América
| Variant | Substitution | Abnormal characteristics | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deer Lodge | 2 His→Arg | ↑O2 affinity | Venezuela |
| HbS-Antilles | 6 Glu→Val + 23 Val→Ileu | Sickling | Martinique |
| G-San José | 7 Glu→Gly | Slightly unstable | Mexico |
| Siriraj | 7 Glu→Lys | — | Martinique |
| Rio Grande | 8 His→Thr | — | Mexico |
| Porto Alegre | 9 Ser→Cys | ↑O2 affinity, tendency to polymerize | Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, Venezuela |
| J-Baltimore | 16 Gly→Asp | — | Brazil, Colombia, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mexico, Trinidad |
| Alamo | 19 Asn→Asp | — | Cuba, Venezuela |
| D-Iran | 22 Glu→Gln | — | Guadeloupe, Jamaica |
| E | 26 Glu→Lys | — | Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Surinam |
| Knossos | 27 Ala→Ser | Affects synthesis | Martinique |
| Genova | 28 Leu→Pro | Unstable | Cuba |
| Bucuresti | 42 Phe→Leu | Unstable; ↓O2 affinity | Cuba |
| Willamette | 51 Pro→Arg | Unstable; ↓O2 affinity | Cuba, Venezuela |
| Osu Christiansborg | 52 Asp→Asn | — | Jamaica |
| Ocho Rios | 52 Asp→Ala | — | Jamaica |
| Dhofar | 58 Pro→Arg | — | Jamaica |
| Zürich | 63 His→Arg | Unstable; ↓O2 affinity | Brazil |
| I-Toulouse | 66 Lys→Glu | Unstable; Fe+3 | Cuba |
| Korle-Bu | 73 Asp→Asn | ↓O2 affinity | Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Panama, Venezuela |
| J-Chicago | 76 Ala→Asp | — | Venezuela |
| Costa Rica | 77 His→Arg | — | Costa Rica |
| Buenos Aires | 85 Phe→Ser | Unstable; ↑O2 affinity | Argentina |
| Santa Ana | 88 Leu→Pro | Unstable | Brazil, Cuba |
| Roseau-Pointe a Pitre | 90 Glu→Gly | Slightly unstable ↓O2 affinity | Guadeloupe |
| Caribbean | 91 Leu→Arg | Slightly unstable ↓O2 affinity | Jamaica |
| N-Baltimore | 95 Lys→Glu | — | Brazil, Cuba, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Martinique |
| J-Cordoba | 95 Lys→Met | ↓O2 affinity | Argentina |
| Köln | 98 Val→Met | Unstable | Brazil |
| Mainz | 98 Val→Glu | Unstable | Brazil |
| Camperdown | 104 Arg→Ser | Unstable | Brazil |
| New York | 113 Val→Glu | Slightly unstable ↓O2 affinity | Costa Rica |
| Fannin-Lubbock | 119 Gly→Asp | Slightly unstable | Mexico |
| Riyadh | 120 Lys→Asn | — | Mexico |
| D-Punjab | 121 Glu→Gln | ↓O2 affinity | Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Venezuela |
| O-Arab | 121 Glu→Lys | — | Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico |
| Hofu | 126 Val→Glu | Unstable | Peru, Venezuela |
| J-Guantanamo | 128 Ala→Asp | Unstable | Chile, Cuba |
| K-Woolwich | 132 Lys→Gln | — | Brazil, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique |
| North Shore-Caracas | 134 Val→Glu | Unstable | Venezuela |
| Hope | 136 Gly→Asp | Unstable ↓O2 affinity | Cuba, Martinique |