Table 3.
Social disadvantage and alcohol problems, by race/ethnicity, current drinkers only (adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals shown)
| Social disadvantage | Problem drinking |
Problem drinking adjusted for distress |
≥ 1 Negative consquences |
≥ 2 Dependence symptoms |
|||||||||||
| White (n = 2,810) | Hispani (n = 766) | Black (n = 504) | White (n = 2,810) | Hispani (n = 766) | Black (n = 504) | White (n = 2,810) | Hispani (n = 766) | Black (n = 504) | White (n = 2,810) | Hispani (n = 766) | Black (n = 504) | ||||
| % of federal poverty level (ref.: >200%) | |||||||||||||||
| 100%–200% | 1.07 (0.63–1.80) | 1.17 (0.61–2.25) | 1.07 (0.46–2.49) | 0.96 (0.54–1.72) | 0.99 (0.49–1.98) | 1.09 (0.46–2.55) | 1.03 (0.60–1.77) | 1.08 (0.54–2.16) | 1.20 (0.51–2.83) | 0.65 (0.34–1.27) | 0.91 (0.43–1.93) | 1.42 (0.56–3.59) | |||
| <100% | 1.60 (0.87–2.92) | 1.33 (0.72–2.47) | 1.60 (0.68–3.77) | 1.45 (0.81–2.58) | 1.11 (0.58–2.15) | 1.42 (0.60–3.37) | 1.40 (0.74–2.63) | 1.42 (0.75–2.70) | 1.56 (0.64–3.81) | 1.79 (0.90–3.54) | 1.38 (0.71–2.70) | 2.19 (0.83–5.79) | |||
| Unfair treatment (ref.: Never/seldom) | |||||||||||||||
| Sometimes | 1.85† (1.22–2.80) | 1.20 (0.71–2.02) | 1.74 (0.83–3.64) | 1.56* (1.02–2.39) | 1.02 (0.59–1.76) | 1.36 (0.64–2.93) | 1.95† (1.29–2.96) | 1.28 (0.74–2.20) | 1.61 (0.76–3.45) | 1.93† (1.18–3.14) | 1.89* (1.02–3.49) | 1.45 (0.63–3.37) | |||
| Often/very often | 4.29‡ (2.37–7.80) | 1.88 (0.70–5.04) | 2.76* (1.12–6.81) | 2.36* (1.21–4.57) | 1.01 (0.38–2.68) | 1.51 (0.55–4.11) | 3.80* (2.04–7.06) | 2.09 (0.78–5.58) | 2.30§ (0.92–5.75) | 3.75‡ (1.87–7.50) | 5.13† (2.00–13.1) | 3.97† (1.54–10.2) | |||
| Racial/ethnic stigma (ref.: Low) | |||||||||||||||
| Medium | 1.67† (1.14–2.45) | 1.19 (0.72–1.99) | 1.16 (0.54–2.53) | 1.45 (0.98–2.16) | 1.12 (0.67–1.89) | 0.99 (0.44–2.23) | 1.63* (1.10–2.42) | 1.23 (0.72–2.10) | 1.19 (0.53–2.66) | 1.95* (1.20–3.15) | 1.16 (0.65–2.07) | 1.85 (0.72–4.76) | |||
| High | 1.17 (0.48–2.86) | 2.04* (1.03–4.04) | 2.10§ (0.97–4.57) | 1.07 (0.46–2.50) | 1.66 (0.80–3.44) | 1.97 (0.89–4.38) | 0.82 (0.29–2.30) | 2.39* (1.18–4.82) | 2.40* (1.09–5.30) | 2.19 (0.86–5.58) | 1.72 (0.77–3.85) | 2.72* (1.07–6.96) | |||
| Sources of extreme disadvantage (ref.: None) | |||||||||||||||
| One | 1.56 (0.95–2.56) | 1.11 (0.63–1.94) | 1.76 (0.81–3.82) | 1.34 (0.81–2.22) | 0.95 (0.54–1.65) | 1.98§ (0.90–4.35) | 1.36 (0.81–2.30) | 1.24 (0.69–2.22) | 2.01§ (0.91–4.47) | 2.05* (1.18–3.55) | 1.36 (0.70–2.66) | 1.22 (0.51–2.95) | |||
| Multiple | 6.64† (2.24–19.7) | 2.77* (1.22–6.28) | 3.93† (1.48–10.5) | 2.71* (1.06–6.91) | 1.59 (0.66–3.81) | 2.61§ (0.93–7.36) | 5.02† (1.60–15.8) | 3.47† (1.52–7.94) | 3.64* (1.33–9.99) | 5.28* (1.47–19.0) | 4.24† (1.73–10.4) | 4.43† (1.56–12.6) | |||
Notes: N's are unweighted; results are weighted. Each indicator of social disadvantage represents a separate model, adjusting for gender, age, marital status, education, and, for Hispanics, U.S. nativity. Ref. = reference.
§
p < .10 (shown for Hispanics and blacks owing to their smaller sample sizes)
*
p < .05
†
p < .01
‡
p < .001.