TABLE 6.

Genetic differentiation and gene flow estimates

Populations (no. of isolates per species or lineage)	Fixed differencesa	Dxyb	Genetic differentiation				Gene flow
			χ2 (df)c	Pd	KST*e	Pf	FSTg	Nmh
B. japonicum I vs Ia (7, 21)	49	0.03928	28.0 (12)	0.0055**	0.38907	0.0000***	0.78523	0.14
B. elkanii USDA76 vs USDA94 (11, 7)	29	0.02930	18.0 (12)	0.1157 (NS)	0.51744	0.0001***	0.68310	0.23
B. liaoningense
Vietnam vs Burma (9, 4)	60	0.02647	13.0 (4)	0.0113*	0.94092	0.0007***	0.97950	0.01
Vietnam vs China (9, 2)	42	0.02222	11.0 (5)	0.0514 (NS)	0.49644	0.0055**	0.81316	0.11
Burma vs China (4, 2)	79	0.03694	6.0 (2)	0.0498*	1.0	0.0677 (NS)	0.90230	0.05
B. yuanmingense Burma vs India (6, 21)	0	0.01201	21.8 (8)	0.0053**	0.15049	0.0006***	0.43216	0.66

^aNumber of fixed differences between populations.

^bAverage number of nucleotide substitutions per site between populations or lineages.

^cHaplotype-based statistic (15); degrees of freedom are indicated in parenthesis.

^dProbability of rejecting the null hypothesis that the two populations are not genetically differentiated, based on the critical values from the χ² distribution. *, 0.05 ≥ P > 0.01; **, 0.01 ≥ P > 0.001; NS, not significant.

^eSequence-based statistic described by Hudson et al. (15).

^fProbability obtained by the permutation test (15) with 1,000 replicates. **, 0.01 ≥ P > 0.001; ***, 0.001 ≥ P; NS, not significant.

^gSequence-based estimate described by Hudson et al. (15).

^hEffective number of migrants.