Bone marrow |
|
BM-MNCs |
VEGF, bFGF, Ang-1, IL-1β, TNF-α [26] |
BMSCs (HSCs and MSCs) |
VEGF, bFGF, IGF, SDF-1, Akt, eNOS [27] |
MSCs |
VEGF, bFGF, Ang-1, IL-1, SDF-1, PIGF, MCP-1, FGF-7, IL-6, TGF-β, PDGF, PA, MMP-9, TB4, Sfrp, Tenacin C, Thrombospondin-1 [28,29] |
MAPCs |
VEGF, MCP-1, TGF- β, PDGF-BB [32] |
Multipotent BM-derived cells (non-HSCs and non-MSCs) |
VEGF, bFGF, Ang-1, Ang-2, IGF-1, SDF-1α, PDGF-B, HGF [34] |
|
|
Circulating |
|
Cultured PB-MNCs |
VEGF, HGF, G-CSF, GM-CSF [35] |
EPCs |
VEGF-A, VEGF-B, SDF-1, IGF-1 [72]; VEGF-A FGF-2, IGF-1, HGF, Ang-1, SDF-1 [36] |
|
|
Tissue resident |
|
Cardiac stem cells |
|
c-kit+, MDR-1+, Sca-1+
|
IGF-1, HGF [71] |
Adipose stem cells |
MMP-9, MMP-3 [82]; VEGF, HGF, TGF-β [83,84] |