TABLE 1.
Characteristics of subsets of full-heritage Pima Indians with measurements of energy expenditure and insulin action by the MC4R variant
| 24-h energy expenditure |
Sleep energy expenditure |
RMR |
M-low |
M-high |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | NT100 | R165Q | Control | NT100 | R165Q | Control | NT100 | R165Q | Control | NT100 | R165Q | Control | NT100 | R165Q | |
| n (M/F) | 245 (129/116) | 4 (1/3) | 3 (3/0) | 237 (122/115) | 4 (1/3) | 3 (3/0) | 356 (203/153) | 6 (5/1) | 2 (1/1) | 350 (192/158) | 3 (1/2) | 6 (5/1) | 314 (177/137) | 3 (1/2) | 5 (4/1) |
| Age (years) | 26.3 ± 6.6 | 21.2 ± 2.1 | 31.7 ± 6.1 | 26.2 ± 6.5 | 21.2 ± 2.1 | 31.7 ± 6.1 | 26.1 ± 6.0 | 27.9 ± 4.9 | 20.6 ± 2.7 | 26.2 ± 6.0 | 21.6 ± 2.5 | 27.9 ± 4.9 | 26.2 ± 6.1 | 21.6 ± 2.5 | 26.8 ± 4.6 |
| Height (cm) | 166.0 ± 7.9 | 167 ± 5.4 | 175 ± 0.5* | 166.0 ± 7.9 | 167.0 ± 5.4 | 175 ± 0.5* | 166.1 ± 8.1 | 168.3 ± 4.7 | 161 ± 9.5 | 165.8 ± 8.2 | 161.4 ± 6.8 | 168.3 ± 4.7 | 166.0 ± 8.5 | 161.4 ± 6.8 | 168.6 ± 5.2 |
| Weight (kg) | 92.9 ± 24.1 | 99.5 ± 7.4 | 119.4 ± 21.1* | 93.3 ± 24.3 | 99.5 ± 7.4 | 119.4 ± 21.1 | 94.0 ± 22.7 | 103.3 ± 10.9 | 91.4 ± 7.2 | 95.0 ± 23.0 | 90.9 ± 5.2 | 103.4 ± 10.9 | 94.0 ± 22.2 | 90.9 ± 5.2 | 102.1 ± 11.7 |
| BMI (kg/m²) | 33.7 ± 8.6 | 35.8 ± 4.7 | 38.7 ± 6.7 | 33.5 ± 8.6 | 35.8 ± 4.7 | 38.7 ± 6.7 | 34.0 ± 7.8 | 36.5 ± 4.0 | 35.0 ± 1.4 | 34.5 ± 7.7 | 34.9 ± 1.0 | 36.5 ± 4.0 | 34.0 ± 7.4 | 34.9 ± 1.0 | 35.9 ± 4.1 |
| % Fat | 33.3 ± 9.0 | 36.2 ± 10.9 | 36.1 ± 5.7 | 33.5 ± 8.9 | 36.2 ± 10.9 | 36.1 ± 5.7 | 33.1 ± 8.7 | 32.7 ± 8.1 | 29.8 ± 12.8 | 33.8 ± 8.4 | 33.3 ± 10.9 | 32.7 ± 8.0 | 33.4 ± 8.4 | 33.3 ± 10.9 | 34.2 ± 8.0 |
| FFM (kg) | 60.7 ± 12.4 | 63.2 ± 9.4 | 75.7 ± 9.7* | 60.8 ± 12.7 | 63.2 ± 9.4 | 75.7 ± 9.7* | 61.8 ± 12.4 | 69.4 ± 10.3 | 64.7 ± 16.8 | 62.0 ± 12.7 | 61.0 ± 13.5 | 69.4 ± 10.3 | 61.7 ± 12.6 | 61.0 ± 13.5 | 66.9 ± 9.3 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 32.2 ± 14.8 | 36.4 ± 12.4 | 43.7 ± 13.0 | 32.4 ± 14.8 | 36.4 ± 12.4 | 43.7 ± 13.0 | 32.2 ± 13.7 | 33.9 ± 9.6 | 26.7 ± 9.6 | 33.1 ± 13.6 | 29.9 ± 8.7 | 34.0 ± 9.6 | 32.3 ± 13.1 | 29.9 ± 8.7 | 35.2 ± 10.2 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 4.88 ± 0.55 | 4.78 ± 0.43 | 4.55 ± 0.61 | 4.94 ± 0.55 | 4.78 ± 0.43 | 4.55 ± 0.61 | 5.00 ± 0.55 | 5.03 ± 0.21 | 4.75 ± 0.82 | 5.00 ± 0.55 | 5.04 ± 0.77 | 5.03 ± 0.21 | 4.98 ± 0.54 | 5.04 ± 0.77 | 4.98 ± 0.21 |
| 2-h plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 6.72 ± 1.67 | 6.69 ± 2.49 | 5.11 ± 1.12 | 6.72 ± 1.67 | 6.69 ± 2.49 | 5.11 ± 1.12 | 6.89 ± 1.72 | 6.90 ± 1.27 | 5.39 ± 2.28 | 6.94 ± 1.67 | 5.98 ± 1.91 | 6.90 ± 1.27 | 6.91 ± 1.71 | 5.98 ± 1.91 | 7.08 ± 1.34 |
Data are means ± SD. Control = neither variant; NT100 = A insertion variant; R165Q = G-to-A substitution.
*
P < 0.05 for comparison of NT100 or R165Q to common variant using Wilcoxon's rank-sum test.