Table 2.
Relative hazards for developing diabetes in the DPP by quartile of baseline ACR
| Study arm | HRs (95% CI) for quartile of ACR |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (0.7–3.7 mg/g) | 2 (3.7–5.5 mg/g) | 3 (5.5–9.7 mg/g) | 4 (9.7–1,578 mg/g) | |
| Placebo (n = 1,070) | ||||
| Unadjusted | 1.0 | 0.66 (0.47–0.93) | 0.81 (0.58–1.12) | 1.01 (0.72–1.37) |
| Adjusted* | 1.0 | 0.51 (0.33–0.79) | 0.68 (0.44–1.03) | 0.76 (0.50–1.15) |
| Lifestyle (n = 1,064) | ||||
| Unadjusted | 1.0 | 1.64 (0.99–2.72) | 1.57 (0.93–2.64) | 1.85 (1.12–3.06) |
| Adjusted* | 1.0 | 1.56 (0.83–2.93) | 1.15 (0.58–2.29) | 1.62 (0.84–3.14) |
| Metformin (n = 1,054) | ||||
| Unadjusted | 1.0 | 1.21 (0.82–1.78) | 1.13 (0.76–1.66) | 1.39 (0.96–2.03) |
| Adjusted* | 1.0 | 1.21 (0.76–1.93) | 1.03 (0.64–1.64) | 0.98 (0.60–1.58) |
Data are median (range). ACR is calculated as milligrams of albumin/grams of creatinine.
*
Adjusted for baseline: age, sex, race, BMI, waist circumference, fasting insulin, insulin sensitivity/secretion, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum creatinine, and ACE inhibitor and calcium channel blocker use. Also adjusted are time-dependent changes in weight and physical activity.