TABLE 1.

Characteristics (proportion or mean value) of high- and low-poverty residents at baseline, Panel Study of Income Dynamics, 1980–1997

Characteristic	High-poverty neighborhood	Low-poverty neighborhood (no propensity score weighting)	Low-poverty neighborhood (after propensity score weighting)
	(n = 1,509)	(n = 4,583)	(n = 4,583)
Female sex	0.647	0.556**	0.679
Black race	0.793	0.179**	0.760
Age (years)	39.252	39.008	37.903
Economic factors
Family poverty income ratio	1.999	4.383**	2.169*
Wealth (1984 dollars)	14,281.469	64,276.614**	12,663.227
Welfare recipient	0.130	0.017**	0.100
Female-headed household	0.209	0.046**	0.211
Education
No high school	0.463	0.178**	0.429
High school	0.384	0.412	0.385
Some college	0.108	0.196**	0.117
College	0.031	0.137**	0.048*
Graduate school	0.014	0.077**	0.020
Labor force status
Employed	0.545	0.728**	0.629**
Unemployed	0.129	0.033**	0.106
Not in the labor force	0.326	0.239**	0.265*
Marital status
Single	0.213	0.095**	0.232
Married	0.535	0.786**	0.500
Widowed	0.072	0.035**	0.284
Divorced	0.097	0.062**	0.322
Separated	0.083	0.022**	0.256
Baseline neighborhood poverty rate	27.541	9.415**	25.359**
Baseline poor health	0.272	0.104**	0.402**

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.01 (difference from the high-poverty group in t test for mean/proportion difference).