Table 3.
Any Retinal Vein Occlusion |
||
---|---|---|
Novel Risk Factors | OR (95% CI)* | p |
Inflammatory factors | ||
C-reactive protein, per SD increase, mg/L | 0.94 (0.71, 1.25) | 0.66 |
Fibrinogen, per SD increase, mg/dl | 0.93 (0.72, 1.21) | 0.60 |
Hematological / Coagulation factors | ||
Hyperhomocysteinemia, > 12 micromol/L | 1.88 (1.04, 3.41) | 0.04 |
Creatinine, per SD increase, mg/dL | 1.21 (1.05, 1.39) | 0.008 |
Factor VIII, per SD increase, % | 0.94 (0.73, 1.21) | 0.62 |
D-dimer, per SD increase, μg/ml | 1.09 (0.84, 1.42) | 0.50 |
Renal dysfunction | ||
Absent | Reference | |
Mild | 2.23 (1.28, 3.88) | 0.005 |
Moderate-Severe | 3.73 (1.57, 8.88) | 0.003 |
Retinal microvascular characteristics | ||
Arteriovenous nicking | 5.71 (3.04, 10.70) | <0.001 |
Focal arteriolar narrowing | 6.35 (2.17, 18.61) | 0.001 |
Subclinical atherosclerosis | ||
Carotid artery atherosclerosis, ≥25% stenosis | 1.34 (0.69, 2.59) | 0.39 |
Coronary artery atherosclerosis, Agatston calcium score ≥200 | 1.22 (0.65, 2.28) | 0.54 |
Peripheral artery atherosclerosis, ankle-brachial index <0.9 | 1.00 (0.30, 3.26) | 0.99 |
Risk factors examined but not significant (p>0.05) include interleukin-6, sphingomyelin, plasmin-α2-antiplasmin complex, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, retinal arteriolar and venular calibers.
Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity and study center