Table 1.

Effects of 48 h cytokine exposure on the levels of phosphorylated IκBα in curcumin-pretreated and untreated islets

	Cytokine treatment (h)
	0 h	12 h	24 h	36 h	48 h
Untreated (pg per mg protein)	61.33±16.0	145.66±4.3*	245.83±25*	393.0±174*	1946.0±146*
Curcumin pretreated (pg per mg protein)	56.8±16.7	84.33±7.2**	110.83±52**	76.83±25.44**	73.25±17.98**

Abbreviation: IκBα, inhibitor of kappa B alpha.

^*Values differ significantly from that of the previous time point (P⩽0.050).

^**Values differ significantly from corresponding time points of untreated islets exposed to cytokines (P⩽0.050).

Data are means±s.d. for three or four experiments and expressed as pg per mg protein. Curcumin-pretreated or untreated islets were sampled at 0 h and then exposed to cytokine combination for 48 h. Samples were taken at 12, 24, 36 and 48 h. The levels of phosphorylated IκBα were estimated, as given in the Materials and methods, for each time point and normalized against total IκBα levels in the same islet samples. Data were analysed by ANOVA (Tukey's test).