TABLE 1.
Sociodemographic Characteristics and Medical Histories of the Study Sample (Lung Cancer Cases and Population Controls)
| Characteristic | Controls N = 457 n (%) | Cases N = 655 n (%) | P (χ2 or t Test) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (yr) | 66.8 | 66.1 | 0.22 |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 229 (50.1) | 323 (49.3) | 0.79 |
| Male | 228 (49.9) | 332 (50.7) | |
| Race | |||
| Black | 229 (50.1) | 182 (27.8) | <0.001 |
| White | 228 (49.9) | 473 (72.2) | |
| Missing 1 | |||
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 187 (40.9) | 42 (6.4) | |
| Former | 216 (47.3) | 304 (46.4) | <0.0001 |
| Current | 54 (11.8) | 309 (47.2) | |
| Mean packyears of cigarette smoked | |||
| Female | |||
| Black | 7.8 | 32.1 | <0.0001 |
| White | 10.0 | 37.2 | <0.0001 |
| Male | |||
| Black | 16.4 | 39.2 | <0.0001 |
| White | 20.5 | 49.6 | <0.0001 |
| Birth region | |||
| Other than mid-Atlantic | 145 (32.1) | 172 (26.4) | 0.04 |
| Mid-Atlantic (MD, DC, DE, PA, VA, WV) | 307 (67.9) | 479 (73.6) | |
| Missing 9 | |||
| Education | |||
| 5th to 9th grade | 100 (21.9) | 160 (24.4) | |
| 10th, 11th, high school grad, or GED | 135 (29.5) | 269 (41.1) | <0.0001 |
| Some college or technical school (including AA) | 127 (27.8) | 133 (20.3) | |
| College graduate and above (including MS, PhD, MD) | 95 (20.8) | 93 (14.2) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Single, never married | 16 (3.5) | 37 (5.7) | |
| Married, living with partner | 327 (71.5) | 396 (60.5) | 0.0006 |
| Divorced, separated, widowed | 114 (25.0) | 221 (33.8) | |
| Missing 2 | |||
| Family cancer history | |||
| No | 108 (23.6) | 120 (18.3) | 0.03 |
| Yes | 349 (76.4) | 534 (81.7) | |
| Missing 1 | |||
| Asbestosis | |||
| No | 445 (97.4) | 621 (94.9) | 0.04 |
| Yes | 12 (2.6) | 33 (5.1) | |
| Missing 1 | |||
| History of other lung illness, excluding asbestosis | |||
| No | 431 (94.3) | 549 (83.9) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 26 (5.7) | 105 (16.1) | |
| Missing 1 | |||
| Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in the home | |||
| Childhood | |||
| No | 151 (33.0) | 128 (19.5) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 306 (67.0) | 527 (80.5) | |
| Adulthood | |||
| No | 203 (44.4) | 178 (27.2) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 254 (55.6) | 477 (72.8) | |