TABLE 3.
Bivariate Analyses of Associations (Unadjusted Odds Ratios) of Lung Cancer and Independent Variables in Women and Men Who Worked in Comparable Job Categories
| Women (N = 552)
|
Men (N = 560)
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent Variable | Controls n (%) | Cases n (%) | OR | 95% CI | Controls n (%) | Cases n (%) | OR | 95% CI |
| Main predictor variable | ||||||||
| Category of job held the longest | ||||||||
| Professional-technical-managerial | 122 (53.3) | 100 (30.96) | Referent | 102 (44.7) | 116 (34.9) | Referent | ||
| Clerical-sales | 59 (25.8) | 106 (32.8) | 2.19 | 1.45–3.32 | 25 (11.0) | 37 (11.1) | 1.3 | 0.73–2.31 |
| Service | 25 (10.9) | 61 (18.9) | 2.98 | 1.74–5.08 | 26 (11.4) | 43 (12.9) | 1.45 | 0.84–2.53 |
| Agricultural-fishery-forestry-processing-machine trades-benchwork* | 13 (5.7) | 18 (5.6) | 1.69 | 0.79–3.62 | 34 (14.9) | 49 (14.8) | 1.27 | 0.76–2.12 |
| Structural work | 0 | 4 (1.2) | † | † | 21 (9.21) | 45 (13.6) | 1.88 | 1.05–3.37 |
| Miscellaneous‡ | 10 (4.4) | 34 (10.5) | 4.15 | 1.95–8.81 | 20 (8.8) | 42 (12.7) | 1.85 | 1.01–8.35 |
| Covariate | ||||||||
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Never | 110 (48.0) | 25 (7.7) | Referent | 77 (33.8) | 17 (5.1) | Referent | ||
| Former | 94 (41.1) | 139 (43.0) | 6.51 | 3.92–10.80 | 122 (53.5) | 165 (49.7) | 6.13 | 3.45–10.89 |
| Current | 25 (10.9) | 159 (49.2) | 27.98 | 15.28–51.26 | 29 (12.7) | 150 (45.2) | 23.43 | 12.12–45.26 |
| Education | ||||||||
| High school and lower | 115 (50.2) | 222 (68.7) | Referent | 120 (52.6) | 207 (62.4) | Referent | ||
| Some college and higher | 114 (49.8) | 101 (31.3) | 0.46 | 0.32–0.66 | 108 (47.4) | 125 (37.6) | 0.67 | 0.48–0.94 |
| History of lung illness§ | ||||||||
| No | 218 (95.2) | 273 (84.5) | Referent | 213 (93.4) | 276 (83.4) | Referent | ||
| Yes | 11 (4.8) | 50 (15.5) | 3.63 | 1.85–7.14 | 15 (6.6) | 55 (16.62) | 2.83 | 1.56–5.15 |
| Asbestosis | ||||||||
| No | 227 (99.1) | 320 (99.1) | Referent | 218 (95.6) | 301 (90.9) | Referent | ||
| Yes | 2 (0.9) | 3 (0.9) | 1.06 | 0.18–6.42 | 10 (4.4) | 30 (9.1) | 2.17 | 1.04–4.54 |
| Family history of cancer | ||||||||
| No | 36 (15.7) | 41 (12.7) | Referent | 72 (31.6) | 79 (23.9) | Referent | ||
| Yes | 193 (84.3) | 282 (87.3) | 1.28 | 0.79–2.08 | 156 (68.4) | 252 (76.1) | 1.47 | 1.01–2.15 |
| ETS exposure|| | ||||||||
| None | 19 (8.3) | 8 (2.5) | Referent | 13 (5.7) | 10 (3.0) | Referent | ||
| Low | 73 (31.9) | 42 (13.0) | 1.37 | 0.55–3.39 | 77 (33.8) | 59 (17.8) | 0.99 | 0.41–2.43 |
| Moderate | 85 (37.1) | 137 (42.4) | 3.83 | 1.61–9.13 | 83 (36.4) | 120 (36.3) | 1.88 | 0.78–4.49 |
| High | 52 (22.7) | 136 (42.1) | 6.21 | 2.56–15.06 | 55 (24.1) | 142 (42.9) | 3.36 | 1.39–8.10 |
*
Pooled into one category because of sparse numbers.
†
Number too small for analysis.
‡
Includes truck driver, transportation, packaging, and material handling occupations.
§
Excluding asbestosis.
||
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure: None, no exposure in childhood, adulthood, or workplace. Low, any one of those three exposures. Moderate, two of those three exposures. High, all of those three exposures.
OR indicates unadjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.