Table 2.

Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery before and after ingestion of a candy bar and soft drink.

	Control Trial	Exercise Trial	P-value
Fasting systolic BP, mmHg	114 ± 4	115 ± 4	0.86
Fasting diastolic BP, mmHg	66 ± 2	66 ± 2	0.89
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	87 ± 2	84 ± 2	0.08
Glucose AUC, mg/dL · min	16828 ± 689	15858 ± 689	0.16
Fasting insulin, µU/mL	3.0 ± 0.3	2.6 ± 0.3	0.08
Insulin AUC, µU/mL · min	3898 ± 518	3158 ± 518	0.12
Insulin sensitivity index	9.2 ± 0.7	10.8 ± 0.7	0.01
HOMA-IR	0.64 ± 0.06	0.54 ± 0.06	0.04
Fasting FMD, %	4.7 ± 1.0	5.5 ± 1.0	0.31
FMD AUC, % · min	607 ± 122	774 ± 122	0.01
Fasting TBARS, µmol/L	13.0 ± 3.2	16.4 ± 3.2	0.40
TBARS AUC, µmol/L · min	1735 ± 218	1733 ± 218	0.82

Data are means ± SEM and represent 13 subjects who underwent both the control and exercise treatments. P-value reflects the significance for the comparison between the control and exercise conditions, which were performed using one-factor (treatment) ANOVAs with repeated measures. AUC, area under the curve; BP, blood pressure; FMD, flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Insulin sensitivity index is unitless and was determined according to Matsuda and DeFronzo (23) using all data from the 150-minute test. HOMA-IR is a unitless index and was calculated according to Matthews et al. (24). Mean postprandial FMD was calculated using data from all postprandial measures.