Figure 2.

Effects of endogenous ceramide and interaction between NO/cGMP and ceramide on TNF-α-induced apoptosis. Cells were treated for 3 h with TNF-α (50 ng/ml)/CHX (1 μg/ml) (control) with or without PDMP (10 μM), D609 (25 μg/ml), fumonisin B1 (Fum, 3 μM), SNAP (300 μM), 8 Br-cGMP (3 mM), and C₂ Cer (50 μM) in various combinations, as indicated in the key. DNA fragmentation analysis is expressed as described in Fig. 1 (n = 5).