TABLE 4.
Associations between statin use and clinical characteristics of prostate cancer in a population-based case-control study, King County, Washington, 2002–2005
| Statin use | Controls (n = 942) |
Cases, Gleason score ≤7 (3 + 4) (n = 816) |
Cases, Gleason score ≥7 (4 + 3) (n = 177) |
|||||||
| No. | % | No. | % | OR*† | 95% CI* | No. | % | OR† | 95% CI | |
| Gleason score | ||||||||||
| None | 677 | 71.9 | 584 | 71.6 | 1.00 | 120 | 67.8 | 1.00 | ||
| Ever use | 265 | 28.1 | 232 | 28.4 | 0.96 | 0.77, 1.19 | 57 | 32.2 | 1.14 | 0.80, 1.63 |
| Current use | 244 | 25.9 | 220 | 27.0 | 0.99 | 0.79, 1.23 | 52 | 29.4 | 1.12 | 0.78, 1.62 |
| Duration of use (years) | ||||||||||
| <5 | 146 | 15.5 | 127 | 15.6 | 0.96 | 0.73, 1.26 | 27 | 15.3 | 1.00 | 0.63, 1.58 |
| ≥5 | 119 | 12.6 | 105 | 12.9 | 0.97 | 0.72, 1.29 | 30 | 16.9 | 1.31 | 0.83, 2.07 |
| Continuous | 0.99 |
0.97, 1.03 |
1.02 |
0.98, 1.07 |
||||||
| Controls (n = 942) |
Cases, localized stage (n = 818) |
Cases, regional/distant stage (n = 181) |
||||||||
| No. |
% |
No. |
% |
OR† |
95% CI |
No. |
% |
OR† |
95% CI |
|
| Tumor stage | ||||||||||
| None | 677 | 71.9 | 568 | 69.4 | 1.00 | 142 | 78.5 | 1.00 | ||
| Ever use | 265 | 28.1 | 250 | 30.6 | 1.03 | 0.83, 1.27 | 39 | 21.5 | 0.79 | 0.53, 1.17 |
| Current use | 244 | 25.9 | 239 | 29.2 | 1.07 | 0.86, 1.33 | 33 | 18.2 | 0.73 | 0.48, 1.10 |
| Duration of use (years) | ||||||||||
| <5 | 146 | 15.5 | 136 | 16.6 | 1.03 | 0.79, 1.34 | 18 | 9.9 | 0.65 | 0.38, 1.11 |
| ≥5 | 119 | 12.6 | 114 | 13.9 | 1.03 | 0.77, 1.37 | 21 | 11.6 | 0.96 | 0.58, 1.60 |
| Continuous | 1.00 |
0.97, 1.03 |
0.99 |
0.94, 1.04 |
||||||
| Controls (n = 942) |
Cases, less aggressive (n = 686) |
Cases, more aggressive (n = 315) |
||||||||
| No. |
% |
No. |
% |
OR† |
95% CI |
No. |
% |
OR† |
95% CI |
|
| Disease aggressiveness‡ | ||||||||||
| None | 677 | 71.9 | 478 | 69.7 | 1.00 | 234 | 74.2 | 1.00 | ||
| Ever use | 265 | 28.1 | 208 | 30.3 | 1.01 | 0.81, 1.27 | 81 | 25.8 | 0.92 | 0.68, 1.23 |
| Current use | 244 | 25.9 | 199 | 29.0 | 1.05 | 0.83, 1.32 | 73 | 23.2 | 0.89 | 0.66, 1.22 |
| Duration of use (years) | ||||||||||
| <5 | 146 | 15.5 | 116 | 16.9 | 1.04 | 0.78, 1.37 | 38 | 12.1 | 0.78 | 0.53, 1.15 |
| ≥5 | 119 | 12.6 | 92 | 13.4 | 0.98 | 0.73, 1.34 | 43 | 13.7 | 1.08 | 0.73, 1.59 |
| Continuous | 1.00 | 0.97, 1.04 | 1.00 | 0.96, 1.04 | ||||||
*
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
†
Adjusted for age, race, and prostate cancer screening within the 5-year period before the reference date; respective analyses excluded cases for whom Gleason score (n = 8) or tumor stage (n = 2) was missing.
‡
More aggressive: Gleason score 7 (4 + 3) or 8–10 or regional or distant stage or a diagnostic PSA ≥20 ng/ml; less aggressive: Gleason score 2–6 or 7 (3 + 4) and localized stage and a diagnostic PSA <20 ng/ml.