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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008 Jul 24;32(10):1799–1806. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00751.x

Table 5.

Number of negative and positive effects of smoking and their importance (N=154)

Negative Effects Importance*
(M ± SD)		 Frequency**
(M ± SD)
Negative physical effects 1.8 ± 0.8 3.9 ± 1.2
Negative psychosocial effects 1.4 ± 0.9 3.2 ± 1.8
Health Concerns 1.7 ± 1.0 3.0 ± 1.4
Positive Effects Importance*
(M ± SD)		 Frequency**
(M ± SD)
Reduced negative affect 2.2 ± 0.8 4.6 ± 0.9
Stimulation 1.2 ± 0.9 3.1 ± 1.7
Positive social effects 1.3 ± 0.9 3.4 ± 1.6
Weight control 1.1 ± 0.9 2.1 ± 1.6
*

Possible range of importance scores is 0–3.

**

Possible range of frequency scores is 0–5 for negative physical effects, negative psychosocial effects, reduced negative affect, stimulation, and positive social effects and 0–4 for health concerns and weight control.