Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients
| Group 1 HIV-infected DU (n=106) |
Group 2 HIV-uninfected DU (n=96) |
Group 3 HIV-infected non-DU (n=38) |
Group 4 Healthy Control (n=47) |
P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 40.7 (0.9)b | 36.5 (0.9)b | 40.7 (1.5)b | 37.7 (1.3)b | <0.01 |
| Sex (men) | 82 (77) | 72 (75) | 17 (45) | 17 (36) | <0.001 |
| Proteinuria | 21 (20) | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | 1 (2) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.4 (0.6) | 28.0 (0.6) | 27.5 (1.0) | 28.3 (0.9) | 0.8 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.85 (0.02)c | 0.83 (0.02)c | 0.78 (0.03)c | 0.76 (0.03)c | 0.02 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 106.0 (2.2) | 107.2 (2.3) | 106.8 (3.7) | 107.9 (3.3) | 0.9 |
| QUICKI | 0.325 (0.005)d | 0.332 (0.004)d | 0.347 (0.009)d | 0.353 (0.006)d | <0.01 |
| Chronic hepatitise | 76 (72) | 51 (54) | 7 (18) | 0 (0) | |
| History of hypertensione | 14 (13) | 16 (17) | 6 (16) | 0 (0) | |
| History of diabetese | 11 (10) | 4 (4) | 5 (13) | 0 (0) | |
| Intravenous drug usee, f | |||||
| Never IDU | 27 (25) | 28 (29) | 37 (97) | 47 (100) | |
| Prior IDU | 57 (54) | 23 (24) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | |
| Current IDU | 22 (21) | 45 (47) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| HIV infection | |||||
| HIV RNA level, log10copies/ml | 2.8 (2.3 – 4.4) | N/A | 2.3 (2.3 – 3.7) | N/A | 0.5 |
| HIV RNA level <400 copies/ml | 49 (46) | N/A | 19 (51) | N/A | 0.6 |
| CD4 cell count, cells/mm3 | 343 (201 – 578) | N/A | 401 (268 – 617) | N/A | 0.2 |
| CD4 cell count < 200 cell/mm3 | 26 (25) | N/A | 5 (14) | N/A | 0.2 |
Test used: continuous variables, F-test or Wilcoxon test; categorical variables, Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test.
Group 1 vs. Group 2, P=0.001; Group 2 vs. Group 3, P=0.02
Group 1 vs. Group 3, P=0.05; Group 1 vs. Group 4, P=0.008; Group 2 vs. Group 4, P=0.03
Group 1 vs. Group 3, P=0.04; Group 1 vs. Group 4, P<0.001; Group 2 vs. Group 4, P=0.005
The distributions of these variables were a result of the recruitment strategy.
All patients were categorized into one of three IDU groups (never, prior, current). Never IDU include patients with non-intravenous drug use.
Note: Data are number (percent), mean (SE), or median (25th–75th percentiles). To convert serum creatinine in mg/dL to µmol/L, multiply by 88.4; eGFR in mL/min/1.73 m2 to mL/s/1.73 m2, multiply by 0.01667.
Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; DU, drug user (intravenous and non-intravenous); eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; QUICKI, quantitative insulin check index; IDU, intravenous drug use; N/A, not applicable.