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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Oct;1141:176–194. doi: 10.1196/annals.1441.023

Table 2.

Long-term consequences of stimulants on monoamine transporters and dopamine D2 receptors

No change in SERT availability
Buchert et al. 2006 Humans PET, [11C](+)McN5652 MDMA abusers – longitudinal design
Thomasius et al. 2006 Humans PET, [11C](+)McN5652 MDMA abusers – longitudinal design
Banks et al. 2008 Rhesus macaques PET, [11C]DASB 0.03 and 0.3 mg/kg/infusion (IV) MDMA
Decreases in SERT availability
Scheffel et al. 1998 Baboons PET, [11C](+)McN5652 5 mg/kg bidaily X 4 days (SC) MDMA
Ricaurte et al. 2000 Humans PET, [11C](+)McN5652 MDMA abusers
Increases in SERT availability
Banks et al. 2008 Rhesus macaques PET, [11C]DASB 0.03 and 0.3 mg/kg/infusion (IV) cocaine
No change in DAT availability
Czoty et al. 2007 Rhesus macaques PET, [18F]FCT 0.03 mg/kg/infusion (IV) cocaine - limited drug intake
Decreases in DAT availability
McCann et al. 1998 Humans PET, [11C]WIN 35,428 methamphetamine abusers
Villemagne et al. 1998 Baboons PET, [11C]WIN 35,428 0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg X 4 injections (IM) methamphetamine
Sekine et al. 2001, 2003 Humans PET, [11C]WIN 35,428 methamphetamine abusers
Reneman et al. 2002 Humans SPECT, [123I]B-CIT amphetamine/MDMA abusers
Hashimoto et al. 2007 Rhesus macaques PET, [11C]CFT 2 mg/kg X 3 injections (IM) methamphetamine
Volkow et al. 2001a Humans PET, [11C]d-threo-methylphenidate methamphetamine abusers
No change in vMAT levels
Fantegrossi et al. 2004 Rhesus macaques PET, [11C]DTBZ 0.003 to 0.3 mg/kg/infusion (IV) MDMA
Decreases in D2 receptor availability
Volkow et al. 1993 Humans PET, [11C]raclopride cocaine abusers
Volkow et al. 2001b Humans PET, [11C]raclopride methamphetamine abusers
Nader et al. 2006 Rhesus macaques PET, [18F]FCP 0.2 mg/kg/infusion (IV) cocaine