Modified diffraction gratings. (a) Pallodes sp. (Nitidulidae), SEM of bidirectional grating, (b) Pallodes sp. (Nitidulidae), ‘double’ spectral reflectance, (c) Aglyptinus tumerus (Leiodidae: Leiodinae), SEM of ‘interrupted’ grating, and (d) A. tumerus, habitus view.