Fig. 1.

Toxicity trends showing relationships among Plantago extract concentrations and egg hatch or second-stage juvenile (J2) viability of Meloidogyne incognita. The single analysis of covariance model described R² = 84% of the total observed data variability with root mean- square-error, s = 10.28. Observed data points were 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% extract concentrations; the concentration designated as 100% was prepared as 10% w/v and diluted 10% with nematode suspension. Percentage egg hatch determined after 7-d exposure to A) methanol extracts and B) water extracts. Percentage active J2 determined after 48-hr exposure to C) methanol extracts and D) water extracts.