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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Metab. 2008 Jun;7(6):485–495. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2008.04.002

Figure 1. PPARδ mediates the effect of adipocyte conditioned medium on induction of M2 macrophage markers.

Figure 1

(A) M2 markers, Mgl1 and Mgl2, are induced in macrophages treated with conditioned medium (CM) collected from 3T3-L1 or 3T3 F442A adipocytes. The expression of MCP-1 and TNFα also increased 24 hours after CM treatment but declined at 48 hours. Gene expression was determined by real-time RT-PCR. (B) Adipocyte CM increases STAT6 activity in the macrophage. Protein lysates from WT or PPARδ−/− macrophage were subjected to Western blot analyses. The phospho-STAT6 (p-STAT6) and phospho-JNK (p-JNK) signal was used to determine their respective activities. Total STAT6 and JNK (t-STAT6 and t-JNK) were included as loading controls. The − and + sign indicate without or with CM treatment (48 hours), respectively. (C) The ability of 3T3-L1 adipocyte CM to activate M2 genes is reduced in PPARδ−/− macrophages. IL-4R: IL-4 receptor; IL-13Rα1: IL-13 receptor α1. Values are expressed as means ± SEM. *p<0.05, comparing − and + treatment within the same genotype.