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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Metab. 2008 Jun;7(6):485–495. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2008.04.002

Figure 2. Adipocytes produce Th2 cytokines.

Figure 2

(A) The expression of IL-13 and IL-4 is induced during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Gene expression was determined by real-time PCR at day 0, 4 and 7 (d0, d4 and d7) of the differentiation process. IL-13 protein in 3T3-L1 adipocyte (Ad) and WAT lysate (100 μg) was detected by Western blotting. Recombinant IL-13 (rIL-13, 60 ng) was included as a control. (B) Quantification of Th2 cytokines in CM and lysate from 3T3-L1, 3T3 F442A and primary adipocytes and WAT by ELISA. Pre CM: pre-adipocyte CM. (C) IL-13 induces PPARδ expression in the macrophage determined by real-time PCR. Cells were given IL-13 (20 ng/ml) for 24 hours. (D) IL-13 neutralizing antibody pre-incubation abolishes the ability of CM to induce alternative activation. 3T3-l1 adipocyte CM was pre-incubated with an IL-13 neutralizing antibody (Ab) or control IgG one hour prior to treating macrophages. Values are expressed as means ± SEM. *p<0.05, comparing CM treatment to control; **p<0.05, comparing IgG to IL-13 Ab.