. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Nov 25.

Published in final edited form as: Laryngoscope. 2007 Nov;117(11):2017–2025. doi: 10.1097/MLG.0b013e3181271401

TABLE II.

SAS Mixed Procedure Results.

Dependent Variable	Predictor Variable
Dependent Variable	Main Effect of VMIq	Effect Size
PBK-p	F (25.6) = 14.26, P = .0009	22.217 (SE = 5.88)
PBK-w	F (25.8) = 7.32, P < .0119	16.176 (SE = 5.98)
CP-a	F (21.4) = 7.49, P = .0122	29.702 (SE = 10.86)
BIT^*	F (33.0) = 10.71, P = .0025	21.743 (SE = 10.13)
PPVT	F (30.8) = 0.79, P = .3804	NA
RDLS-r^*	F (34.8) = 0.76, P = .3904	NA
RDLS-e	F (27.4) = 1.15, P = .2927	NA

Note: F statistics for main effects of preimplant VMIq on spoken-language measures.

Effect size is calculated as the amount of change in dependent variable with each 1 SD increase in the predictor variable (standard error is shown in parentheses).

Indicates significant interaction between VMIq and length of use. Significant interactions for BIT: F (55.7) = 6.03, P < .0001 and for RDLS-r: F(62.2) = 3.40, P = .0141.

VMI = Beery Test of Visuomotor Integration; PBK-w = phonetically balanced kindergarten test percentage of words correct, PBK-p = phonetically balanced kindergarten test percentage phonemes correct, CP = common phrases test; RDLS-r = Reynell developmental language scales receptive age equivalent; RDLS-e = Reynell developmental language scales expressive age equivalent; PPVT = Peabody picture vocabulary test age equivalent.