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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Nov 25.
Published in final edited form as: Anticancer Res. 2008;28(3A):1441–1447.

Figure 4.

Figure 4

HIV-1 Tat activates primary human fetal astrocytes. Cells were grown for one week before transfected with pcDNA3 HIV-1 Tat plasmid DNA. 48 hours after transfection, cells were labeled with rabbit anti-HIV-1 Tat and with mouse ant-BrdU, anti-PCNA or anti-Rad51 antibodies. Stained cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Top row, astrocytes expressing Tat actively replicating DNA (BrdU-positive, top panels). In Tat-positive mitotic cells, PCNA (middle panels) and Rad51 (lower panels) are expressed between the chromosomes.