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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 15.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Jul 11;64(8):730–733. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.06.001

Table 2.

Clinical factors for participants with bipolar disorder

number (percent)
Rapid cycling 19 (58%)
Mood states
  manic/mixed or hypomanic 7 (21%)
  depressive 7 (21%)
  euthymic 19 (58%)
Medication
  unmedicated 6 (18%)
  lithium carbonate 8 (24%)
  anticonvulsants 17 (52%)
  atypical antipsychotics 16 (48%)
  benzodiazepines 8 (24%)
History of substance related disorders* 14 (42%)
Other comorbidity** 3 (9%)
*

This included 11 (33%) with a history of alcohol abuse or dependence, 6 (18%) of whom also had a history of other substance abuse or dependence, and an additional 3 (9%) BD participants had a history of other substance abuse or dependence. All of 14 subjects were at full remission for at least one year.

**

This included panic disorder (1, 3%) and post-traumatic stress disorder (2, 6%).