. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Ann Pharmacother. 2008 Jul 15;42(9):1239–1246. doi: 10.1345/aph.1L111

Table 2.

Overall Modeled Associations of Race and Other Participant Characteristics

	Sleep Medication, OR (95% CI)
Characteristic	Any Type	Prescription	Nonprescription
African American	0.56 (0.44 to 0.70)^a	0.60 (0.45 to 0.79)^a	0.69 (0.51 to 0.95)^a
Age, y
45–54	1.00	1.00	1.00
55–64	0.83 (0.63 to 1.10)	0.65 (0.46 to 0.91)^a	0.88 (0.60 to 1.29)
≥65	1.04 (0.78 to 1.38)	0.76 (0.54 to 1.07)	1.21 (0.82 to 1.78)
Female	1.50 (1.20 to 1.90)^a	1.42 (1.07 to 1.89)^a	1.36 (0.99 to 1.86)
High school graduate	1.09 (0.86 to 1.38)	0.88 (0.66 to 1.16)	1.10 (0.80 to 1.52)
Health insurance	1.55 (1.01 to 2.40)^a	2.79 (1.49 to 5.20)^a	0.84 (0.49 to 1.42)
Mean annual days of insomnia^b	1.02 (1.01 to 1.03)^a	1.02 (1.01 to 1.03)^a	1.01 (1.00 to 1.02)^a
Mean annual days of insufficient sleep^b	1.00 (0.99 to 1.01)	1.01 (1.00 to 1.02)^a	0.99 (0.98 to 1.00)
Symptomatic hip or knee osteoarthritis	1.39 (1.11 to 1.74)^a	1.35 (1.03 to 1.78)^a	1.15 (0.85 to 1.56)
Obese^c	1.01 (0.81 to 1.25)	0.79 (0.61 to 1.03)	1.25 (0.94 to 1.68)
Depressive symptoms^d	2.23 (1.68 to 2.96)^a	2.17 (1.58 to 2.97)^a	1.43 (0.98 to 2.10)
Fair or poor general health	1.50 (1.18 to 1.89)^a	1.75 (1.32 to 2.32)^a	1.04 (0.75 to 1.44)

Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) compared with referent category (for categorical variables) or per unit increase (for continuous variables).

Change in odds of medication use per each 10-day increase.

Body mass index ≥30.

Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ≥16.