. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Ann Pharmacother. 2008 Jul 15;42(9):1239–1246. doi: 10.1345/aph.1L111

Table 3.

Modeled Associations of Race and Other Participant Characteristics in Females

	Sleep Medication, OR (95% CI)
Characteristic	Any Type	Prescription	Nonprescription
African American	0.51 (0.39 to 0.66)^a	0.55 (0.40 to 0.77)^a	0.63 (0.43 to 0.90)^a
Age, y
45–54	1.00	1.00	1.00
55–64	0.86 (0.62 to 1.19)	0.66 (0.45 to 0.98)^a	0.86 (0.55 to 1.34)
≥65	1.05 (0.76 to 1.47)	0.76 (0.51 to 1.12)	1.29 (0.83 to 2.01)
High school graduate	0.95 (0.72 to 1.25)	0.75 (0.54 to 1.05)	1.06 (0.73 to 1.55)
Health insurance	1.60 (0.96 to 2.65)	3.65 (1.68 to 7.96)^a	0.75 (0.41 to 1.38)
Mean annual days of insomnia^b	1.02 (1.01 to 1.03)^a	1.02 (1.01 to 1.03)^a	1.01 (1.00 to 1.02)
Mean annual days of insufficient sleep^b	1.00 (0.99 to 1.01)	1.01 (1.00 to 1.02)^a	0.99 (0.98 to 1.00)
Symptomatic hip or knee osteoarthritis	1.32 (1.01 to 1.73)^a	1.31 (0.95 to 1.81)	1.05 (0.73 to 1.51)
Obese^c	1.11 (0.86 to 1.43)	0.90 (0.66 to 1.22)	1.36 (0.97 to 1.91)
Depressive symptoms^d	2.18 (1.57 to 3.03)^a	1.95 (1.35 to 2.83)^a	1.58 (1.02 to 2.46)^a
Fair or poor general health	1.37 (1.04 to 1.80)^a	1.74 (1.26 to 2.42)^a	0.85 (0.58 to 1.24)

Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) compared with referent category (for categorical variables) or per unit increase (for continuous variables).

Change in odds of medication use per each 10-day increase.

Body mass index ≥30.

Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ≥16.