. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Ann Pharmacother. 2008 Jul 15;42(9):1239–1246. doi: 10.1345/aph.1L111

Table 4.

Modeled Associations of Race and Other Participant Characteristics in Males

	Sleep Medication, OR (95% CI)
Characteristic	Any Type	Prescription	Nonprescription
African American	0.71 (0.44 to 1.13)	0.73 (0.41 to 1.31)	0.88 (0.47 to 1.66)
Age, y
45–54	1.00	1.00	1.00
55–64	0.79 (0.58 to 1.80)	0.63 (0.32 to 1.24)	1.00 (0.47 to 2.15)
≥65	1.02 (0.78 to 1.38)	0.77 (0.94 to 1.53)	1.14 (0.51 to 2.51)
High school graduate	1.71 (1.07 to 2.74)^a	1.44 (0.81 to 2.55)	1.42 (0.75 to 2.67)
Health insurance	1.36 (0.58 to 3.15)	1.51 (0.52 to 4.41)	0.95 (0.31 to 2.94)
Mean annual days of insomnia^b	1.03 (1.01 to 1.04)^a	1.02 (1.01 to 1.04)^a	1.02 (1.00 to 1.04)^a
Mean annual days of insufficient sleep^b	1.01 (0.99 to 1.02)	1.00 (0.99 to 1.03)	1.00 (0.98 to 1.02)
Symptomatic hip or knee osteoarthritis	1.63 (1.06 to 2.52)^a	1.53 (0.88 to 2.64)	1.55 (0.87 to 2.78)
Obese^c	0.81 (0.53 to 1.24)	0.56 (0.32 to 0.96)^a	1.08 (0.61 to 1.91)
Depressive symptoms^d	2.50 (1.43 to 4.36)^a	2.84 (1.52 to 5.26)^a	1.25 (0.58 to 2.69)
Fair or poor general health	1.96 (1.24 to 3.10)^a	1.91 (1.09 to 3.35)^a	1.84 (0.99 to 3.41)

Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) compared with referent category (for categorical variables) or per unit increase (for continuous variables).

Change in odds of medication use per each 10-day increase.

Body mass index ≥30.

Center for Epidemiologic StudiesDepression Scale ≥16.