TABLE 3.
Risk of low dietary diversity of 381 children by clinical and socioeconomic characteristics in 381 children aged 6−24 mo in rural South Africa
| Child characteristic | Wk of observation, n (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) of a low diversity Z-score1 | Adjusted OR (95% CI) of a low diversity Z-score2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Child HIV uninfected | |||
| Mother uninfected | 12,527 (55.0) | (reference group) | (reference group) |
| Mother infected | 8876 (39.0) | 1.25 (0.94 to 1.67) | 1.10 (0.82 to 1.45) |
| Child HIV infected | 1369 (6.0) | 2.59 (1.52 to 4.41) | 1.76 (1.06 to 2.94) |
| Diarrhea that week | |||
| No | 21,148 (92.9) | (reference group) | (reference group) |
| Yes | 1624 (7.1) | 1.14 (1.00 to 1.31) | 1.18 (1.02 to 1.34) |
| Respiratory infection that week | |||
| No | 18,644 (82.5) | (reference group) | (reference group) |
| Yes | 3963 (17.5) | 0.84 (0.76 to 0.92) | 0.85 (0.77 to 0.94) |
| Caregiver is mother | |||
| No | 1399 (6.1) | (reference group) | (reference group) |
| Yes | 21,373 (93.9) | 1.79 (1.50 to 2.13) | 2.15 (1.78 to 2.60) |
| Source of water used for preparing meals | |||
| Tap | 14,245 (62.6) | (reference group) | (reference group) |
| River or pond | 1216 (5.3) | 0.68 (0.56 to 0.83) | 0.69 (0.53 to 0.84) |
| Tanker or bottle | 944 (4.1) | 0.51 (0.39 to 0.66) | 0.54 (0.42 to 0.71) |
| No water used | 6367 (28.0) | 3.87 (3.57 to 4.18) | 3.91 (3.60 to 4.24) |
| Residence: | |||
| Semi-urban | 9860 (43.3) | (reference group) | (reference group) |
| Rural | 4353 (19.1) | 0.88 (0.61 to 1.27) | 0.90 (0.63 to 1.28) |
| Deep rural | 8559 (37.6) | 0.66 (0.48 to 0.89) | 0.81 (0.61 to 1.09) |
| Study tablet composition | |||
| None | 2166 (9.5) | (reference group) | (reference group) |
| Vitamin A | 7111 (31.2) | 1.63 (1.00 to 2.67) | 1.45 (0.88 to 2.39) |
| Vitamin A + Zinc | 7024 (30.8) | 1.90 (1.16 to 3.11) | 1.68 (1.03 to 2.74) |
| Multivitamins and minerals | 6471 (28.4) | 1.68 (1.02 to 2.75) | 1.44 (0.88 to 2.36) |
| Recall | |||
| 1 wk | 15,902 (69.9) | (reference group) | (reference group) |
| >1 wk | 6870 (30.1) | 2.18 (2.02 to 2.34) | 2.00 (1.85 to 2.16) |
1
Low diversity of each observed week defined as an age-, sex-, and season-adjusted dietary diversity score (diversity Z-score) falling within the lowest quartile. Crude OR obtained by single predictor logistic regression analysis with adjustment for clustering of observed weeks within individual children.
2
Conditional OR obtained using multiple logistic regression analysis with adjustment for clustering of observed weeks within individual children.