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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2007 Nov 28;44(6):921–937. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.11.008

Table 2.

Comparison of glutathione fluxes across cellular compartments

Flux Abbrev. mM/min Source
SLOW GSSG transport 0 [138]
cytosol → ER
GSH + GSSG transport νE_P 4e-4* [87]
ER → plasma
GSH disulfide exchange with Cys/CySS 5e-4 [139]
(plasma)
GSH disulfide exchange with Cys/CySS 0.003 [140]
(cytosol)
GSH +GSSG transport νC_P 0.007 [141]
cytosol → plasma
MEDIUM GSH transport νC_E 0.06 [63]
cytosol → ER
Cytosolic GSH synthesis νs 0.024-1.3 [26,108]
GSH transport νC_M 1.2 [142]
cytosol → mitochondria
GSSG transport νM_C ?
mitochondria → cytosol νM_C ?
GSH + GSSG transport νC_N ?
cytosol → nucleus
FAST GSSG Reductase 20 [143]
Thiol oxidase 98 [143]
Glutathione Peroxidase 3000 [143]
*

upper bound

Where values were reported in other units, 106 cells were approximated as 1 mg protein and 5 µl intracellular water. Reports of transport flux under non-physiological conditions were ignored.