Table 2.

Behavioral, scalp ERP, and LORETA findings

	MDD Subjects		Comparison Subjects		Group Effects
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p-valuea
A. Behavioral Datab
Post-correct accuracy	0.91	0.08	0.92	0.05	n.s.
Post-error accuracy	0.87	0.08	0.92	0.06	0.005
Post-correct RT	340.12	82.29	322.34	54.40	n.s.
Post-error RT	380.95	97.21	354.89	68.23	n.s.
B. Scalp ERP data (μV)c
ERN	−2.74	1.83	−1.42	1.69	0.01
CRN	0.20	1.80	1.33	2.01	n.s.
Early Pe	3.58	2.33	3.42	2.40	n.s.
Late Pe	3.61	2.40	4.29	3.52	n.s.
C. LORETA datad
rACC (BA 32)	−3.50	0.09	−3.74	0.18	0.00003

Abbreviations: ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; BA, Brodmann area; CRN, correct-response negativity; ERN, error-related negativity; ERP, event-related potential; LORETA, low-resolution electromagnetic tomography; MDD, major depressive disorder; Pe, error positivity; RT, reaction time.

^aData are presented as mean (SD).

^bFindings from unpaired t tests (postcorrect RT, posterror RT, early PE, and late PE) or post hoc Newman-Keuls tests (postcorrect accuracy, posterror accuracy, ERN, and CRN) are reported.

^cPosterior adjustment effects were restricted to trials following incongruent trials. Comparison subjects: n=20; patients with MDD: n=20.

^dMean amplitudes (averaged across Fz, FCz, Cz, and Pz) for incongruent trials. Comparison subjects: n=18; patients with MDD: n=18.

^eCurrent density, 80 milliseconds after error for incongruent trials. Comparison subjects: n=18; patients with MDD: n=18.