Table 1. TUR plus one immediate instillation versus TUR plus one immediate instillation plus maintenance.

Study	Year	Drug	% single tumors	Recurrence/total no. of patients		p
				TUR + 1 instillation	TUR + 1 instillation + maintenance
MRC [8,9]	1985	Thiotepa	69%	52/124 (41.9%)	45/120 (37.5%)	0.92*
	1994	30 mg/50 ml
Tolley [10,11]	1988	MMC	Single	51/119 (42.9%)	32/104 (30.8%)	0.06
	1996	40 mg/40 ml	Multiple	21/30 (70.0%)	21/42 (50.0%)	0.09
			75%	72/149 (48.3%)	53/146 (36.3%)	0.04
Selvaggi [12]	1990	Epirubicin	69%	55/173 (31.8%)	40/167 (24.0%)	0.11
		50 mg/50 ml

Maintenance treatment: References 8–11: 4 additional 3 monthly instillations during 12 mo starting at month 3 (total 5 instillations); for reference 12: 3 additional instillations during the first 4 wk followed by 11 monthly instillations to month 12 (total 15 instillations).

TUR = transurethral resection; MRC = Medical Research Council; MMC = mitomycin C.

^*Log-rank test.