Table 3.

Multivariate proportional hazard ratio for lung cancer death by gender

Characteristics	Lung cancer death (N = 17,229)
	Males	Females
	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)
Period of diagnosis (years)
1987–1990	1.00 -	1.00 -
1991–1994	1.13 (1.09–1.18)*	1.03 (0.97–1.10)
Diagnostic age (years)
<= 39	1.00 -	1.00 -
40–49	1.07 (0.93–1.25)	1.17 (1.00–1.37)
50–59	1.25 (1.10–1.42)*	1.24 (1.07–1.43)*
60–69	1.31 (1.15–1.48)*	1.30 (1.13–1.50)*
>= 70	1.43 (1.26–1.62)*	1.37 (1.19–1.58)*
Resident area
Hokkien community	1.00 -	1.00 -
Aboriginal community	0.85 (0.75–0.96)*	1.13 (0.92–1.40)
Hakka community	1.00 (0.94–1.07)	1.02 (0.91–1.14)
Histological type
SQCC	1.00 -	1.00 -
Adenocarcinoma	1.16 (1.11–1.21)*	1.06 (0.98–1.16)
SCC	1.25 (1.17–1.33)*	1.07 (0.91–1.25)
LCC	1.38 (1.21–1.57)*	1.24 (0.98–1.56)
Carcinoma, NOS	1.16 (1.09–1.24)*	1.02 (0.90–1.15)
Other carcinoma	0.78 (0.73–0.82)*	0.66 (0.60–0.73)*
Treatment modality
CT	1.00 -	1.00 -
Surgery resection	0.60 (0.56–0.65)*	0.49 (0.43–0.56)*
RT	1.11 (1.04–1.19)*	1.07 (0.95–1.20)
ST	1.17 (1.10–1.26)*	1.10 (0.98–1.23)
Other complex therapy	1.43 (1.00–2.05)	1.20 (0.75–1.93)
Unknown therapy	1.11 (1.04–1.18)*	1.02 (0.92–1.14)

SQCC: squamous cell carcinoma; SCC: small cell carcinoma; LCC: large cell carcinoma. NOS: not otherwise specified. RT: radiation therapy; CT: chemotherapy; ST: supportive care therapy. HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval. * Statistical significance (p < 0.05).