Fig. 2.

Design parameters for a robust composite interface. (A) A schematic illustration of the electrospun surface, highlighting the expected liquid-vapor interface with a liquid having an equilibrium contact angle θ < 90°. The important surface texture parameters R, D, h₁, and h₂ are also shown. R_sag is the radius of curvature of the sagging composite interface. The electrospun surface typically possesses lower values of the robustness parameter H* in comparison to the parameter T*. (B) A schematic illustration of the microhoodoo surface with a small pore-depth (h₂). The important surface-texture parameters, R, D, H, and W, shown in the figure, can be varied independently. Such a microhoodoo surface typically possesses lower values of H* in comparison to T*. (C) A schematic illustration of the microhoodoo surface with a larger pore-depth (h₂) developed by increasing the microhoodoo height (H). Such a microhoodoo surface typically possesses lower values of T* in comparison to H*.