Table 3.
Parameter | Totala | Respiratory health measures | Mental health measures | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any new or worsening respiratory symptomsb | Newly diagnosed asthma | Serious psychological distress (SPD)c | Probable PTSDd | |||||||||||
N | % | N | % | p value | N | % | p value | N | % | p value | N | % | p value | |
Total adults | 68,444 | 100.0 | 45,889 | 67.1 | 1,967 | 2.9 | 5,604 | 8.4 | 10,693 | 16.3 | ||||
Source of interview | ||||||||||||||
List-identified | 20,780 | 30.4 | 11,139 | 53.6 | 0.0001 | 335 | 1.6 | 0.0001 | 1,434 | 7.2 | 0.0001 | 2,502 | 12.7 | 0.0001 |
Self-identified | 47,664 | 69.6 | 34,750 | 72.9 | 1,632 | 3.5 | 4,170 | 9.0 | 8,191 | 17.8 | ||||
Demographics | ||||||||||||||
Gender | ||||||||||||||
Male | 41,343 | 60.4 | 27,194 | 65.8 | 0.0001 | 1,013 | 2.5 | 0.0001 | 2,753 | 6.8 | 0.0001 | 5,430 | 13.6 | 0.0001 |
Female | 27,099 | 39.6 | 18,694 | 69.0 | 954 | 3.6 | 2,850 | 10.8 | 5,262 | 20.4 | ||||
Age group at interview | ||||||||||||||
18–24 | 2,635 | 3.9 | 1,419 | 53.9 | 0.0001 | 72 | 2.8 | 0.586 | 175 | 6.8 | 0.0001 | 282 | 10.9 | 0.0001 |
25–44 | 33,927 | 49.6 | 22,570 | 66.5 | 999 | 3.0 | 2,485 | 7.5 | 5,036 | 15.3 | ||||
45–64 | 28,362 | 41.4 | 19,662 | 69.3 | 808 | 2.9 | 2,670 | 9.7 | 4,993 | 18.4 | ||||
65+ | 3,520 | 5.1 | 2,238 | 63.6 | 88 | 2.6 | 274 | 8.5 | 382 | 12.5 | ||||
Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||||
Non Hispanic White | 43,560 | 63.6 | 27,606 | 63.4 | 0.0001 | 1,192 | 2.8 | 0.0001 | 2,504 | 5.8 | 0.0001 | 4,946 | 11.6 | 0.0001 |
Non-Hispanic Black | 8,214 | 12.0 | 6,261 | 76.2 | 206 | 2.5 | 943 | 11.9 | 1,962 | 24.8 | ||||
Hispanic | 9,026 | 13.2 | 6,912 | 76.6 | 332 | 3.7 | 1,473 | 16.9 | 2,628 | 30.1 | ||||
Asian | 4,828 | 7.1 | 3,083 | 63.9 | 156 | 3.3 | 376 | 8.3 | 647 | 14.6 | ||||
Other | 2,816 | 4.1 | 2,027 | 72.0 | 81 | 3.0 | 308 | 12.5 | 510 | 23.6 | ||||
Total household income at interview (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
<25 | 6,858 | 11.3 | 4,897 | 71.4 | 0.0001 | 246 | 3.6 | 0.0018j | 1,420 | 21.6 | 0.0001 | 2,017 | 31.4 | 0.0001 |
25 to <50 | 13,081 | 21.6 | 9,296 | 71.1 | 359 | 2.8 | 1,624 | 12.8 | 2,958 | 23.3 | ||||
50 to <75 | 12,791 | 21.1 | 8,978 | 70.2 | 389 | 3.1 | 919 | 7.3 | 2,001 | 16.0 | ||||
75 to <150 | 20,648 | 34.1 | 13,950 | 67.6 | 630 | 3.1 | 940 | 4.6 | 2,287 | 11.3 | ||||
≥150 | 7,122 | 11.8 | 3,945 | 55.4 | 152 | 2.1 | 204 | 2.9 | 579 | 8.3 | ||||
Risk factors, event exposures, and experiences | ||||||||||||||
All adult enrollees | ||||||||||||||
Smoking status at interview | ||||||||||||||
Current smoker | 10,832 | 16.1 | 8,010 | 74.0 | 0.0001 | 279 | 2.6 | 0.090 | 1,515 | 14.3 | 0.0001 | 2,515 | 23.9 | 0.0001 |
Former smoker | 17,961 | 26.6 | 12,244 | 68.2 | 525 | 2.9 | 1,181 | 6.7 | 2,503 | 14.4 | ||||
Never smoker | 38,699 | 57.3 | 25,153 | 65.0 | 1150 | 3.0 | 2,843 | 7.5 | 5,621 | 15.0 | ||||
Caught in the dust and debris cloud that resulted from the collapse of the towers on 9/11 | ||||||||||||||
Yes | 35,109 | 51.6 | 26,640 | 75.9 | 0.0001 | 1,161 | 3.3 | 0.0001 | 3,700 | 10.8 | 0.0001 | 7,243 | 21.5 | 0.0001 |
No | 32,886 | 48.4 | 19,062 | 58.0 | 796 | 2.4 | 1,885 | 5.9 | 3,415 | 10.8 | ||||
Witnessed a traumatic event on 9/11 | ||||||||||||||
Yes | 47,767 | 70.1 | 34,172 | 71.5 | 0.0001 | 1,493 | 3.1 | 0.0001 | 4,600 | 9.9 | 0.0001 | 8,950 | 19.5 | 0.0001 |
No | 20,378 | 29.9 | 11,633 | 57.1 | 465 | 2.3 | 990 | 5.0 | 1,721 | 8.7 | ||||
Sustained an injury on 9/11 | ||||||||||||||
Yes | 9,079 | 13.3 | 7,802 | 85.9 | 0.0001 | 384 | 4.3 | 0.0001 | 1,637 | 18.6 | 0.0001 | 3,037 | 35.0 | 0.0001 |
No | 59,211 | 86.7 | 38,086 | 64.3 | 1,583 | 2.7 | 3,967 | 6.9 | 7,656 | 13.4 | ||||
Rescue–recovery workers and volunteers | ||||||||||||||
Totale | 30,546 | 44.6 | 21,033 | 68.9 | 971 | 3.2 | 2,134 | 7.2 | 4,206 | 14.2 | ||||
Location of rescue/recovery workf | ||||||||||||||
Worked at WTC on pile | 12,494 | 40.9 | 9,966 | 79.8 | 0.0001 | 510 | 4.1 | 0.0001 | 815 | 6.7 | 0.0041 | 1,805 | 14.8 | 0.0001 |
Worked at WTC in another area | 17,115 | 56.0 | 10,583 | 61.8 | 437 | 2.6 | 1,264 | 7.6 | 2,329 | 14.1 | ||||
Worked at Staten Island recovery operations | 828 | 2.7 | 412 | 49.8 | 20 | 2.4 | 43 | 5.3 | 57 | 7.0 | ||||
Worked on a transport barge | 80 | 0.3 | 51 | 63.8 | 2 | 2.5 | 5 | 6.5 | 8 | 10.1 | ||||
Worked on pile on September 11, 2001 | ||||||||||||||
Yes | 4,096 | 13.4 | 3,604 | 88.0 | 0.0001 | 255 | 6.3 | 0.0001 | 241 | 6.0 | 0.003 | 667 | 16.7 | 0.0001 |
No | 26,443 | 86.6 | 17,422 | 65.9 | 715 | 2.7 | 1,892 | 7.3 | 3,538 | 13.8 | ||||
Residents | ||||||||||||||
Totale,g | 12,371 | 18.1 | 8,153 | 65.9 | 373 | 3.1 | 1,132 | 9.6 | 1,775 | 15.5 | ||||
Evacuated home | ||||||||||||||
Yes, returned by interview | 6,836 | 55.8 | 4,478 | 65.5 | 0.0026 | 184 | 2.7 | 0.0065 | 575 | 8.6 | 0.0004 | 987 | 15.1 | 0.0005 |
Yes, did not return by interview | 622 | 5.1 | 392 | 63.0 | 14 | 2.3 | 67 | 10.9 | 126 | 21.1 | ||||
Did not evacuate home | 4,804 | 39.2 | 3,272 | 68.1 | 174 | 3.7 | 488 | 10.8 | 660 | 15.2 | ||||
Period when residential evacuees returned homeh | ||||||||||||||
September 11–13, 2001 | 594 | 8.8 | 431 | 72.6 | 0.0001 | 21 | 3.6 | 0.0184j | 80 | 13.9 | 0.0001 | 133 | 23.9 | 0.0001 |
September 14–19, 2001 | 1,534 | 22.7 | 1,016 | 66.2 | 48 | 3.2 | 127 | 8.5 | 188 | 12.8 | ||||
September 20–October 19, 2001 | 3,058 | 45.3 | 1,910 | 62.5 | 80 | 2.6 | 211 | 7.1 | 391 | 13.3 | ||||
October 20–November 19, 2001 | 801 | 11.8 | 520 | 64.9 | 17 | 2.1 | 59 | 7.6 | 101 | 13.3 | ||||
November 20–December 19, 2001 | 349 | 5.2 | 233 | 66.8 | 6 | 1.7 | 37 | 10.8 | 54 | 16.2 | ||||
After December 19, 2001 | 416 | 6.2 | 300 | 72.1 | 8 | 1.9 | 48 | 11.9 | 96 | 23.8 | ||||
Building occupants, passersby, and people in transit south of Chambers Street on 9/11 | ||||||||||||||
Totale | 41,666 | 60.9 | 28,847 | 69.2 | 1,247 | 3.0 | 3,998 | 9.9 | 7,752 | 19.4 | ||||
Location on 9/11 | ||||||||||||||
Occupant of damaged or destroyed building | 10,276 | 25.0 | 6,256 | 60.9 | 0.0001 | 255 | 2.5 | 0.0001 | 1,072 | 10.7 | 0.0001 | 2,134 | 21.4 | 0.0001 |
Occupant of undamaged building | 18,993 | 46.1 | 13,517 | 71.2 | 555 | 2.9 | 1,653 | 8.9 | 3,164 | 17.3 | ||||
On the street or in transit | 11,917 | 28.9 | 8,713 | 73.1 | 425 | 3.6 | 1,210 | 10.6 | 2,348 | 20.8 | ||||
Evacuated workplace | ||||||||||||||
Yes, returned by interview | 16,909 | 57.6 | 12,205 | 72.2 | 0.0001 | 456 | 2.7 | 0.0001 | 1,369 | 8.3 | 0.0001 | 2,898 | 17.7 | 0.0001 |
Yes, did not return by interview | 7,332 | 25.0 | 3,999 | 54.5 | 131 | 1.8 | 888 | 12.4 | 1,625 | 23.1 | ||||
Did not evacuate workplace | 5,096 | 17.4 | 3,642 | 71.5 | 158 | 3.1 | 570 | 11.6 | 1,043 | 21.4 | ||||
Period when evacuated workers returned to worki | ||||||||||||||
September 11–13, 2001 | 2,963 | 14.4 | 2,333 | 78.7 | 0.0001 | 104 | 3.5 | 0.0632j | 287 | 10.0 | 0.0503 | 596 | 20.8 | 0.0001 |
September 14–19, 2001 | 8,726 | 42.3 | 6,323 | 72.5 | 240 | 2.8 | 713 | 8.4 | 1,485 | 17.5 | ||||
September 20–October 19, 2001 | 7,053 | 34.2 | 5,094 | 72.2 | 190 | 2.7 | 612 | 8.9 | 1,213 | 17.8 | ||||
October 20–November 19, 2001 | 1,194 | 5.8 | 834 | 69.9 | 38 | 3.2 | 88 | 7.5 | 212 | 18.4 | ||||
November 20–December 19, 2001 | 488 | 2.4 | 295 | 60.5 | 9 | 1.9 | 35 | 7.3 | 61 | 12.9 | ||||
After December 19, 2001 | 231 | 1.1 | 158 | 68.4 | 5 | 2.2 | 20 | 9.0 | 44 | 19.7 |
aTotals do not add up to 68,444 because not all the enrollees answered all the questions. Among all adults, N missing = 2 for gender, 7,944 for income, 952 for smoking status, 449 for dust, 229 for traumatic events and 150 for injury. Totals and percentages are based on non-missing values only.
bIncludes persistent cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, throat irritation, or sinus irritation
cMeasured by Kessler-6. All six questions must have been answered.
dMeasured by PTSD Checklist. All 17 items must have been answered.
eIncludes school staff and adult students only if they are eligible in one of the other three eligibility categories (workers, residents, building occupants). A total of 80 school staff and 58 adult students are excluded
fIf enrollee worked at both WTC and Staten Island/Barge sites, working at the WTC site took precedence for categorization.
gIncludes 953 adult residents from zip codes 10002 and 10013 that lived north of Canal Street on 9/11
hAsked only of residents south of Canal Street who reported that they evacuated. Categories of dates based on when rainfall occurred (September 14th and 19th), and when the fires at the WTC site were extinguished (December 19th).
iAsked only of registrants who worked in a building south of Chambers Street and evacuated. Categories of dates based on when rainfall occurred (September 14th and 19th), and when the fires at the WTC site were extinguished (December 19th).
jBased on Cochran–Armitage test for trend in proportions