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. 2008 Oct 7;17(12):1705–1713. doi: 10.1007/s00586-008-0787-6

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Spine tester with human lumbar cadaveric specimen L2-S2. The three-dimensional motion between L3/4 and L4/5 was measured with two electrogoniometric linkage systems. At the top is the gimbal arranged with stepper motor for the application of external moments