Regression of chromatic body contrast on reproductive fitness across habitats. Chromatic contrast significantly predicts reproductive fitness across habitats (filled symbols, beach; open symbols, root). Male colour morphs are distinguished by symbols: circles, blue; triangles, yellow; diamonds, blue-yellow; squares, grey; hexagons, grey-yellow. Error bars are ±1 s.e. for mean body chromatic contrast (vertical) and mean reproductive fitness (horizontal).