Fig. 4.

Photograph (left) and schematic (right) showing the measurement for the distance from the mid-vertebrae line to the origin of the major branches. Red, pink and blue pins indicate the orifice of the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery, respectively. a : distance between the brachiocephalic trunk and the mid-vertebrae line, b : distance between the left common carotid artery and the mid-vertebrae line, c : distance between the left subclavian artery and the mid-vertebrae line.