Individual thyrocytes isolated from T/ebp(fl/fl) thyroids were treated with recombinant adenovirus containing vector only as control (A and B) or those expressing Cre recombinase (C and D), followed by three-dimensional culture in collagen. Two weeks later, the cultures were subjected to histological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin (A and C) or T/ebp immunohistochemistry (B and D). Round follicles started appearing in control cultures with a weak pink color, indicative of colloid in the lumen (A) and strong T/ebp expression in most of cells (B, representatives are shown by arrow) whereas no follicular structures were obtained from Cre-expressing adenovirus-treated thyroid cells (C), most of which had weak (D, representatives are shown by arrowhead) or no expression of T/ebp (D, representatives are shown by red arrowhead), and only a few cells showed strong positive staining (D, shown by arrow). Experiments were carried out using thyroids from three independent T/ebp(fl/fl) mice, and the same results were obtained for all three. Magnification, ×200. E, Genomic PCR analysis of recombined (164 bp) and unrecombined T/ebp allele (165 bp) using DNAs isolated from control cells without any virus treatment (No), cells treated with control virus (Cont), and cells treated with adenovirus expressing Cre recombinase (Cre). Only the latter DNA produced a recombined band. exp, Experiment; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin.