Table 1.
Maternal Background Information, Child Demographic and Dysmorphology, Means, Standard Deviations, and p values
| FASD | Control | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal demographics | ||||||
| Maternal age (y) on day of interview (SD) | 36.81 | (5.53) | 36.00 | (5.08) | .548a | |
| Maternal age (y) at birth of index child (SD) | 29.81 | (5.86) | 29.16 | (5.19) | .643a | |
| Maternal education attainment (%) | ||||||
| Elementary | 0 | 1.9 | .178b | |||
| Junior High | 52.4 | 26.4 | ||||
| Senior High | 23.8 | 50.9 | ||||
| Some College | 9.5 | 5.7 | ||||
| College Degree | 14.3 | 15.1 | ||||
| Mother’s monthly income (Euros), (%) | ||||||
| < 500 | 11.1 | 14.7 | .851b | |||
| 501 - 1,000 | 33.3 | 38.2 | ||||
| 1,001 - 1,500 | 44.4 | 29.4 | ||||
| 1,501 - 3,000 | 11.1 | 17.6 | ||||
| Child demographics and dysmorphology | ||||||
| Child gender | Males Females |
n = 11 n = 12 |
(47.8%) (52.2%) |
n = 37 n = 20 |
(64.9%) (35.1%) |
.157b |
| Child age (years) | 6.13 | (.34) | 6.15 | (.41) | .779a | |
| Child height (cm) | 118.13 | (4.71) | 121.71 | (5.20) | .005 a | |
| Child height (centile) | 42.82 | (29.56) | 64.40 | (27.11) | .002a | |
| Child weight (kg) | 21.21 | (3.09) | 24.35 | (3.67) | < .001a | |
| Child weight (centile) | 40.82 | (28.99) | 64.75 | (26.91) | < .001a | |
| Child head circumference (cm) | 49.90 | (1.62) | 52.01 | (1.50) | < .001a | |
| Child head circumference (centile) | 19.87 | (24.10) | 54.77 | (29.93) | < .001a | |
| Total child dysmorphology raw score c | 11.35 | (4.38) | 4.64 | (3.02) | < .001a | |
a
ANOVA
b
χ2test of data
c
Total child dysmorphology score is a composite raw score derived from a weighted scoring system with the most salient FAS diagnostic features (e.g., head circumference, palpebral fissure length and smoothness of philtrum) scored a three, followed by other features (e.g., weight, and specific facial features) scored with a two, and other physical features related to FASD scored with a one.