Table 1.

Sample characteristics, by Carstairs quintiles

	Least-deprived			Most-deprived
	1	2	3	4	5	Full sample	χ2 or F	p =
Composition of sample, %	14.4	18.9	16.2	26.5	24.1	100.0
Ethnicity, % non-white	1.6	2.4	2.4	3.5	7.3	3.7	38.4	< 0.01
Cohabiting or married, %	61.6	60.0	64.7	51.2	45.4	55.1	65.2	< 0.01
Ever had children, %	54.7	54.5	61.0	51.9	53.2	54.6	11.3	0.02
Employment, %
Full-time	57.1	55.9	51.1	49.6	45.8	51.2	54.9	< 0.01
Part-time	23.1	22.5	27.5	21.4	21.0	22.7
Student	8.2	7.1	6.3	11.6	11.8	9.5
Not working	11.6	14.4	15.0	17.4	21.4	16.6
Training and qualifications, %
None	18.0	22.3	26.7	26.2	30.7	25.5	58.9	< 0.01
Via employment	17.3	20.5	21.2	18.0	21.1	19.6
Up to University level	29.8	29.8	30.7	28.0	29.0	29.3
University degree	34.9	27.4	21.4	27.8	19.1	25.6
Current cigarette smoker, %	26.8	26.0	27.9	38.2	44.8	34.2	81.4	< 0.01
HADS anxiety, %
Not a case	61.7	64.1	57.2	55.9	52.3	57.7	30.8	< 0.01
Possible	18.8	17.5	22.0	19.8	19.4	19.5
Probable	19.5	18.4	20.8	24.4	28.3	22.9
HADS depression, %
Not a case	93.9	92.6	91.8	91.1	89.3	91.5	18.2	< 0.01
Possible	5.4	4.8	5.0	7.1	7.3	6.1
Probable	0.7	2.6	3.2	1.8	3.4	2.4
Mean age, years	35.0	35.5	35.1	32.3	30.7	33.4	26.6	< 0.01
Mean MHLCS score
Internal	26.2	26.5	26.3	26.1	25.8	26.2	2.4	0.05
External	16.1	16.4	16.8	16.7	17.5	16.8	5.0	< 0.01
Chance	17.9	18.7	19.2	19.0	19.1	18.9	5.1	< 0.01
Mean EQ-5D score
Index	0.911	0.891	0.890	0.880	0.863	0.884	6.3	< 0.01
VAS	83.6	82.0	82.6	80.6	78.6	81.1	9.5	< 0.01