Table 1.
Yeast strains used in this study
| Strains | Characteristics | Source/origin |
| J940047 | Wild-type isolate | Clinical, Portugal |
| J940557 | Wild-type isolate | Clinical, Portugal |
| J940915 | Wild-type isolate | Clinical, Portugal |
| 06L3FF02 | Wild-type isolate | Wine cellar; Bairrada Wine Region, Portugal |
| 06L1FF11 | Wild-type isolate | Wine cellar; Bairrada Wine Region, Portugal |
| 06L3FF15 | Wild-type isolate | Wine cellar; Bairrada Wine Region, Portugal |
| 06L6FF20 | Wild-type isolate | Wine cellar; Bairrada Wine Region, Portugal |
| UM218 | Wild-type isolate | Vineyard; Vinho Verde Wine Region, Portugal |
| UM237 | Wild-type isolate | Vineyard; Vinho Verde Wine Region, Portugal |
| BB1235 | Wild-type isolate | Vineyard; Bairrada Wine Region, Portugal |
| BB2453 | Wild-type isolate | Vineyard; Bairrada Wine Region, Portugal |
| Lalvin EC-1118 | Commercial; used in the Vinho Verde Wine Region | Champagne, France |
| Lalvin ICV D254 | Commercial; used in the Bairrada Wine Region | Rhône Valley, France |
| IOC 18–2007 | Commercial; used in the Bairrada Wine Region | Institut Oenologique de Champagne, France |
| AEB Fermol Rouge | Commercial; used in the Bairrada Wine Region | Montpellier University, France |
| Davis Lalvin 522 | Commercial; used in the Bairrada Wine Region | University of California, Davis, USA |
| S288C | MATα SUC2 mal mel gal2 CUP1 flo1 flo8-1 | Mortimer & Johnston, 1986 [87] |