Figure 2.

ACTH measurements from WT and VIP KO mice in LD plotted against ZT (A) and DD plotted against CT (B). Concentration of ACTH in the serum was determined by ELISA in 3 hour intervals in LD and 4 hour intervals in DD (n=2 or 3 for every time point). Circulating ACTH concentrations were found to be significantly rhythmic by ANOVA (P<0.01) for WT mice in LD and DD. The peak concentration of diurnal (LD) ACTH was determined to be at ZT11, and was 3-fold higher than at ZT2. Under DD, ACTH concentration peaked at CT12, where it was found to be 2-fold higher than CT4. In contrast, VIP KO mice did not display rhythmicity under either LD or DD, with circulating corticosterone concentrations remaining high throughout the 24-hour period.