Table 3.
Characteristics of participants, methods of testing, and results of studies of use of whisper voice test in children
|
Prescott et al19
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Criterion | Groen20 | Dempster and Mackenzie18 | Study 1 | Study 2 |
| Participants and setting | ||||
| Number of participants (No of ears) | 197 (394) | 141 (282) | 177 (354) | 201 (402) |
| Age in years | Mean 5 | Mean 7.2, range 5 to 12 | Range 3-12 | Range 3-7 |
| Setting | Audiology centre | Otorhinolaryngology clinic | Hospital | School classroom |
| Whispered voice technique | ||||
| Audiometry cut-off for hearing impairment | 25 dB | 30 dB (also 20 dB and 25 dB) | 20 dB | 35 dB |
| Distance
|
3 m, 1 m, 0.3 m
|
6 inches, 2 feet
|
2 feet
|
|
| Masking
|
Finger occlusion of external auditory canal
|
Tragal rubbing
|
Tragal pressure but only if hearing loss was asymmetrical
|
|
| Letters, numbers, or words | Spondee words (10) | 3 numbers or 3 numbers and letters | Spondee words
|
|
| <6 yrs—point to picture
|
||||
|
|
|
|
≥6 yrs—repeat word
|
|
| Threshold for hearing impairment
|
<50% correct at 3 m
|
<2/3 correct at 2 feet
|
<50% correct
|
|
| Results of testing | ||||
| Prevalence (%) of hearing impairment | 14 | 13 | 31 | 9 |
| Sensitivity (%; 95% CI) | 96 (82-99) | 90 (69-97) | 80 (68-88) | 83 (61-94) |
| Specificity (%; 95% CI) | 92 (87-95) | 90 (84-94) | 96 (91-98) | 98 (95-99) |
| Likelihood ratio: | ||||
| Positive | 11.6 | 9.1 | 19.5 | 38.1 |
| Negative | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.17 |