Table 1.

Characteristics of observational studies evaluating animal products and endometrial cancer risk

Reference	Country	Cases/controls or cohort size	Age	Dietary assessment	Time frame†	Hysterectomies Excluded	Animal foods evaluated
COHORT STUDIES
Ursin et al., 1990[41]	Norway	11/15,914	<75	Questionnaire	Current intake	?	Milk
Knekt et al., 1997[32]	Finland	21/9,990	15–99	Dietary history	1 year	?	Fried meat
Zheng et al., 1995[29]	United States	216/23,070	55–69	FFQ (127 items)	Current intake	Yes	Animal foods, total meat, red meat, poultry, seafood, processed meat/fish, dairy products, eggs.
CASE-CONTROL STUDIES: Population-based
Shu et al., 1993 [9]	China	268/268	18–74	FFQ (63 items)	10 years	Yes	Meat, read meat, poultry, fresh fish, other seafood, eggs.
Potischman et al., 1993 [33]	United States	399/296	20–74	FFQ (Block, 60 items)	“past few years”	Yes	All meats, red meats, dairy foods.
Goodman et al., 1997 [34]	United States	332/511	18–84	Dietary history(250 items)	1 year	Yes	All meat, beef, pork, poultry, fish, processed meat, red meat, dairy products, butter, milk, cheese, eggs.
Jain et al., 2000[39]	Canada	552/562	30–79	Dietary history (n Items ?)	1 year	Yes	Read meat, fish, chicken, milk, cheese.
McCann et al., 2000 [35]	United States	232/639	40–85	FFQ (172 items)	2 years	Yes	Red meat, poultry, fish/seafood, processed meats, total meat, dairy
Littman et al., 2001[36]	United States	679/944	45–74	FFQ (modified Block, 98 items)	5 years	Yes	Dairy products, meat.
Terry et al., 2002[20] ‡	Sweden	709/2887	50–74	FFQ (32 Items plus fish questions)	1 year	Yes	Dairy products, meat.
Terry et al., 2002[21] ‡	Sweden	698/2720	50–74	FFQ (32 Items plus fish questions)	1 year	Yes	Fatty fish, lean fish, total fish.
Xu et al., 2006 [37]	China	1204/1212	30–69	FFQ (76 foods)	5 years	Yes	Total meat, red meat, organ meat, poultry, total fish, marine fish, fresh water fish, shrimp and crab, eel, shellfish, eggs, milk.
CASE-CONTROL STUDIES: Hospital-based
Tzonou et al, 1996[30]	Greece	145/298		FFQ (115 items)	1 year	?	“Meats, fish or eggs”, “milk or milk products”.
La Vecchia et al., 1988 [22] §	Italy	434/1385	<75	Questionnaire(frequency of consumption per week of 14 items)	“before symptoms”	Yes	Total meat.
Mettlin et al., 1990[42]	United States	231/1300	18.97	FFQ (n items?)	?	No	Whole milk, 2% milk, skim milk.
Levi et al., 1993 [7]	Italy, Switzerland	274/572	30–75	Questionnaire(Weekly frequency of intake of 50 items)	“before symptoms”	Yes	Beef, pork, poultry, fish, liver, raw ham, boiled ham, salami and sausages, canned meat, other meats, milk, cheese, eggs.
Barbone et al., 1993 [43]	United States	103/236		FFQ (Willett, 116 items)	1 year	Yes	Skim milk, sour cream, yogurt, cheese other than cream.
Hirose et al., 1996[40]	Japan	145/26751	>20	Questionnaire (n items ?)	?	?	Milk, boiled or broiled fish, sashimi, egg, chicken, beef, pork.
Fernandez et al., 1999[24] §	Italy	750/7,990	<75	Questionnaire(weekly frequency of intake of 14–37 items)	1 year	?	Fish.
Tavani et al., 2000[23] §	Italy	750/7,990	<75	Questionnaire(weekly frequency of approximately 40 items)	2 years	?	Red meat.
Petridou et al., 2002 [31]	Greece	84/84		FFQ (110 items)	1 year	Yes	“Meats, fish, and eggs”, “milk and milk products”
Salazar-Martinez et al., 2005 [38]	Mexico	85/629	18–81	FFQ (116 items)	1 year	Yes	Dairy products, meat.

Abbreviations: FFQ, food frequency questionnaire; ?, unspecified

^†Time frame for dietary assessment.

^‡Same case-control study in Sweden.

^§Same case-control study in Italy.