Appendix Table.
Foods included in food groups in papers contributing to meta-analyses.
| Reference | Meat | Red meat | Poultry | Fish | Dairy products |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fernandez et al., 1999[24] | -- | -- | “Fish” | -- | |
| Goodman et al., 1997[34] | All meat, including beef, pork, poultry, fish, processed meat, red meat | “Red meat” | “Poultry” | “Fish” | Butter, milk and cheese |
| Hirose et al., 1996 [40] | -- | -- | “Chicken” | -- | |
| Jain et al., 2000 [39] | -- | All beef, pork, veal, lamb, game, meat stews, meat soups | “Chicken” | “Fish” | -- |
| La Vecchia et al., 1988 [22] | “Total meat” | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Levi et al., 1993 [7] | -- | -- | “Poultry” | -- | -- |
| Littman et al., 2001 [36] | Hamburger, beef burrito, meatloaf, beef, beef stew, pot pie, liver, pork, fried chicken, other chicken, fried fish, tuna, shellfish, fish broiled or baked, hot dogs, ham, lunch meats, bacon, and sausage | -- | -- | -- | Cottage cheese, cheese, cheese spread, flavored yogurt, frozen yogurt, milk, low-fat yogurt, low-fat cottage cheese |
| McCann et al., 2000 [35] | “Total meats” | “Red meat” | “Poultry” | “Fish and seafood” | “Dairy” |
| Petridou et al., 2002 [31] | -- | -- | -- | -- | Feta cheese, kaseri cheese, other cheese, whole milk, skim milk, full-fat yogurt, reduced-fat yogurt, milk pudding, rice milk pudding, ice cream, cheese pie (1/2), pizza (1/2) |
| Potischman et al., 1993 [33] | Hamburgers, cheeseburgers, or meat loaf; beef such as steaks or roast; beef stew or pot pie; liver; port such as port chops or roasts; fried chicken; baked, stewed, or broiled chicken or turkey; fried fish or fish sandwiches; spaghetti, lasagna, or pasta with tomato sauce; hot dogs;ham or lunch meats; bacon; sausage | Hamburgers, cheeseburgers or meat loaf; beef such as steaks or roasts; beef stew or pot pie; liver; pork such as pork chops or roasts;spaghetti, lasagna, or pasta with tomato sauce; hot dogs; ham or lunch meats; bacon; sausage | -- | -- | Cheese or cheese spreads; butter; ice cream; whole milk; 2%milk; skim milk, 1% milk or buttermilk; milk in coffee or tea; cream or half-and-half in coffee or tea |
| Salazar-Martinez et al., 2005 [38] | “Meat” | -- | -- | -- | “Dairy products” |
| Shu et al., 1993 [9] | Pork chops, pork spareribs, pig’s feet, pork (fat only), pork (lean only), salted pork, pork liver, chicken liver, other pork organ meats, beef, lamb, chicken, duck | Pork chops, pork spareribs pig’s feet, pork (fat only), pork (lean only), salted pork, beef, lamb, | “Chicken and duck” | “Fresh fish” | -- |
| Tavani et al., 2000 [23] | -- | Beef, veal, and pork (excluding canned and preserved meat) | -- | -- | -- |
| Terry et al., 2002 [21] | -- | -- | -- | Fatty fish (e.g., salmon, herring, mackerel) and lean fish (e.g., cod, flounder, shellfish) | -- |
| Terry et al., 2002 [20] | “Meat” | -- | -- | -- | “Dairy products” |
| Tzonou et al., 1996 [30] | -- | -- | -- | -- | Feta cheese, kaseri cheese, other cheese, whole milk, skim milk, full-fat yogurt, reduced-fat yogurt, milk pudding, milk pudding, rice pudding, ice cream, cheese pie (1/2), pizza (1/2) |
| Xu et al., 2006 [37] | Total meat, including red meat, organ meat, and poultry | Pork, beef, and mutton meat | “Poultry” | Total fish, including marine fish, fresh fish, shrimp, crab, eel and shellfish | -- |
| Zheng et al., 1995 [29] | Total meat, including red meat and poultry | “Red meat” | “Poultry” | -- | -- |