Table 3.
Adjusteda ORs [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] of prevalence of CAL or PD by quintiles of PCDDs, PCDFs, dioxin-like PCBs, non–dioxin-like PCBs, and OC pesticides.
| Quintiles of POPsb |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator/compound | < 20th | 20th to < 40th | 40th to < 60th | 60th to < 80th | ≥ 80th | p-Trend |
| CAL ≥ 4 mm (presence vs. absence in any site) | ||||||
| PCDDs | ||||||
| Cases/no. | 35/248 | 42/250 | 52/248 | 69/249 | 100/248 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | 1.3 (0.8–2.3) | 1.7 (0.9–3.0) | 0.04 |
| PCDFs | ||||||
| Cases/no. | 36/248 | 45/249 | 50/249 | 75/249 | 92/248 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 0.18 |
| Dioxin-like PCBs | ||||||
| Cases/no. | 16/248 | 46/250 | 54/248 | 80/249 | 102/248 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 1.9 (1.0–3.6) | 2.0 (1.0–3.8) | 2.3 (1.2–4.4) | 2.3 (1.1–4.6) | 0.06 |
| Non–dioxin like PCBs | ||||||
| Cases/no. | 25/248 | 25/249 | 50/249 | 86/249 | 112/248 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 0.9 (0.5–1.8) | 1.3 (0.7–2.2) | 1.7 (0.9–3.1) | 1.8 (0.9–3.3) | 0.03 |
| OC pesticides | ||||||
| Cases/no. | 17/248 | 30/250 | 53/248 | 86/249 | 112/248 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 1.3 (0.7–2.4) | 1.7 (0.9–3.2) | 2.4 (1.2–4.6) | 2.7 (1.3–5.5) | < 0.01 |
| PD ≥ 4 mm (presence vs. absence in any site) | ||||||
| PCDDs | ||||||
| Cases/no. | 35/248 | 40/250 | 39/248 | 43/249 | 48/248 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | 1.7 (1.0–3.1) | 0.10 |
| PCDFs | ||||||
| Cases/no. | 31/248 | 43/249 | 41/249 | 51/249 | 39/248 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 1.4 (0.9–2.4) | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 1.6 (1.0–2.7) | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 0.49 |
| Dioxin-like PCBs | ||||||
| Cases/no. | 27/248 | 44/250 | 44/248 | 40/249 | 50/248 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 1.5 (0.9–2.6) | 1.9 (1.1–3.3) | 1.6 (0.9–3.1) | 2.4 (1.2–4.7) | 0.03 |
| Non–dioxin like PCBs | ||||||
| Cases/no. | 31/248 | 42/249 | 32/249 | 47/249 | 53/248 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 1.4 (0.9–2.4) | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | 1.6 (0.9–2.9) | 1.8 (1.0–3.5) | 0.08 |
| OC pesticides | ||||||
| Cases/no. | 21/248 | 33/250 | 46/248 | 53/249 | 52/248 | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 1.7 (0.9–3.0) | 2.6 (1.4–4.8) | 3.4 (1.8–6.5) | 3.7 (1.8–7.6) | < 0.01 |
a
Adjusted for age, sex, race, poverty income ratio, serum cotinine levels, cigarette smoking, and diabetes.
b
Detectable values of each POP were individually ranked, and the ranks were summed within subclass to arrive at the subclass value. All not detectable values were ranked as zero. The summary values were categorized by quintiles of the sum of ranks.