Table 1.

Studies of primary TKAs reporting significant male-female differences

Study	Total TKAs	Males	Females	Male knees	Female knees	Criteria	Result	p Value
Rand and Illstrup [29], 1991	9200	NNG	NNG	3544	5656	Implant survival at 10 years	M = 76%F = 83%	0.0001
Robertsson et al. [33], 2000	24,368	NNG	NNG	7191	17,177	Patient satisfaction at 6 years	M = 85.0%F = 84.5%	0.001
Robertsson et al. [34], 2001	41,223	NNG	NNG	13,611	27,612	Relative risk for revision at 10 years	M > FRelative risk = 1.5	0.01
Vazquez-Vela Johnson et al. [36], 2003	559	NNG	NNG	188 (OA)	340 (OA)	Implant survival, OA, at 10 years	M = 95%F = 99%	0.042
Rand et al. [30], 2003	11,606	3701	4589	NNG	NNG	Implant survival at 10 years	M = 88%F = 93%	0.0001
Ritter et al. [31], 2003	4724	NNG	NNG	1929	2798	Postoperative range of motion at 3 years	Flexion: M = 1.9° > F	< 0.0001
Fehring et al. [12], 2004	1287	627	1110	NNG	NNG	Implant failure at 5–13 years	M risk = 2.8 times > F risk	< 0.0001
Himanen et al. [19], 2005	8467	1586	5623	1839	6628	Implant survival at 10 years	M = 93%F = 94%	0.01
Roberts et al. [32], 2007	4606	1590	2800	NNG	NNG	Implant survival at 15 years	M = 90%F = 94%	0.001
Baker et al. [3], 2007	501	172	224	NNG	NNG	Implant failure at 15 years (hazard risk)	M hazard risk = 2.48	0.004

M = male; F = female; NNG = number not given; OA = osteoarthritis.